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Measuring hunger and satiety in primary school children. Validation of a new picture rating scale
Open accessAbstract
Measuring hunger and satiety in children is essential to many studies of childhood eating behaviour. Few validated measures currently exist that allow children to make accurate and reliable ratings of hunger/satiety. Three studies aimed to validate the use of a new categorical rating scale in the context of estimated and real eating episodes. Forty-seven 6- to 8-year-olds participated in Study 1, which used a between-participant design. Results indicated that the majority of children were able to make estimated hunger/satiety ratings for a story character using the scale. No significant differences in the ratings of hunger/satiety of children measured before and after lunch were observed and likely causes are discussed. To account for inter-individual differences in hunger/satiety perceptions Study 2 employed a within-participant design. Fifty-four 5- to 7-year-olds participated and made estimated hunger/satiety ratings for a story character and real hunger/satiety ratings before and after lunch. The results indicated that the majority of children were able to use the scale to make estimated and real hunger and satiety ratings. Children were found to be significantly hungrier before compared to after lunch. As it was not possible to establish the types and quantities of food children ate for lunch a third study was carried out in a controlled laboratory environment. Thirty-six 6- to 9-year-olds participated in Study 3 and made hunger/satiety ratings before and after ingesting an ad libitum snack of known composition and quantity. Results indicated that children felt hungrier before than after the snack and that pre-snack hunger/satiety, and changes in hunger/satiety, were associated with snack intake. Overall, the studies indicate that the scale has potential for use with primary school children. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Cites
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Allirot, X., da Quinta, N., Chokupermal, K., & Urdaneta, E. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.031 · Cited by 137
Norman, J. A., Kelly, B., McMahon, A., Boyland, E. J., Baur, L. A., Chapman, K. L., King, L. A., Hughes, C., & Bauman, A. E. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0672-6 · Cited by 118
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From cookies to carrots; the effect of inhibitory control training on children's snack selections
Porter, L., Bailey-Jones, C., Priudokaite, G., Allen, S., Wood, K., Stiles, K. M., Parvin, O., Javaid, M., Verbruggen, F., & Lawrence, N. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.010 · Cited by 70
Spielvogel, I. K., Matthes, J., Naderer, B., & Karsay, K. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.033 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, C., & Blissett, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, Carmel
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 78
- Pages
- 40-48
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082598980
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Coventry University Open Collections (Coventry university) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- The Open Collections (Coventry University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (1013669)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- hunger, satiety, children, elementary school students, scale validation, eating behaviour, snacking, lunch, ad libitum feeding
- MeSH terms
- Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hunger, Male, Perception, Satiation, Schools, Students, Lunch, Snacks
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