Cited by 690Obesity and Health PracticesEating Disorders and BehaviorsObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model

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Tomiyama, A. Janet·2014·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.108

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Abstract

Weight stigma is highly pervasive, but its consequences are understudied. This review draws from theory in social psychology, health psychology, and neuroendocrinology to construct an original, generative model called the cyclic obesity/weight-based stigma (COBWEBS) model. This model characterizes weight stigma as a "vicious cycle" - a positive feedback loop wherein weight stigma begets weight gain. This happens through increased eating behavior and increased cortisol secretion governed by behavioral, emotional, and physiological mechanisms, which are theorized to ultimately result in weight gain and difficulty of weight loss. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the existing literature for evidence supporting such a model, propose ways in which individuals enter, fight against, and exit the cycle, and conclude by outlining fruitful future directions in this nascent yet important area of research.

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Authors: Tomiyama, A. J.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Tomiyama, A. Janet
ORCID: Tomiyama, A. Janet
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-11
Volume: 82
Pages: 8-15
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.108
OpenAlex: W2138305066
Cited by: 690
References: 110
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 5.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.escholarship.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: weight stigma, obesity, vicious circle, positive feedback loop, weight gain, cortisol, dietary habits, stress, neuroendocrinology
MeSH terms: Feeding Behavior, Humans, Obesity, Stress, Psychological, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Social Stigma

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Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model

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