Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: More than one-third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese, although the prevalence remained stable between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. OBJECTIVE: To provide the most recent national estimates of childhood obesity, analyze trends in childhood obesity between 2003 and 2012, and provide detailed obesity trend analyses among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Weight and height or recumbent length were measured in 9120 participants in the 2011-2012 nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years, high weight for recumbent length was defined as weight for length at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. In children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. In adults, obesity was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30. Analyses of trends in high weight for recumbent length or obesity prevalence were conducted overall and separately by age across 5 periods (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). RESULTS: In 2011-2012, 8.1% (95% CI, 5.8%-11.1%) of infants and toddlers had high weight for recumbent length, and 16.9% (95% CI, 14.9%-19.2%) of 2- to 19-year-olds and 34.9% (95% CI, 32.0%-37.9%) of adults (age-adjusted) aged 20 years or older were obese. Overall, there was no significant change from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 in high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers, obesity in 2- to 19-year-olds, or obesity in adults. Tests for an interaction between survey period and age found an interaction in children (P = .03) and women (P = .02). There was a significant decrease in obesity among 2- to 5-year-old children (from 13.9% to 8.4%; P = .03) and a significant increase in obesity among women aged 60 years and older (from 31.5% to 38.1%; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Overall, there have been no significant changes in obesity prevalence in youth or adults between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. Obesity prevalence remains high and thus it is important to continue surveillance.
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For chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, health disparities continue and may be growing.
“Despite improvements in medical care and in disease prevention, health disparities persist and may be increasing for chronic conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.1, 2”
From Evaluating strategies for reducing health disparities by addressing the social determinants of health. (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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“than for their non-Hispanic counterparts.(358) Individuals who are obese during their childhood are more likely to develop CVD and diabetes mellitus as young adults(351,359) and have an increased risk for premature death.”
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- Authors
- Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ogden, Cynthia L.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-02-26
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 806
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC4770258
- OpenAlex
- W2107832644
- Cited by
- 8,072
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 216 · 2022: 284 · 2021: 326 · 2020: 471 · 2019: 624 · 2018: 914 · 2017: 1299 · 2016: 1741 · 2015: 1400 · 2014: 482 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1633.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, adult obesity, obesity prevalence, obesity trends, infants and toddlers, body mass index, NHANES, CDC growth charts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Pediatric Obesity
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