Acute and long-term manganese exposure and subsequent accumulation in relation to idiopathic blindness in the American lobster, Homarus americanus
Open accessAbstract
Manganese (Mn) is a hypoxic reactive metal commonly found in marine sediments. Under hypoxic conditions the metal becomes fully reduced to Mn 2+ and is biologically available to the benthic community for uptake. Mn is also a potent neurotoxin and it may play a role in the etiology of idiopathic blindness that has been observed in American lobsters. An acute exposure study was designed to expose American lobster, Homarus americanus, to 0, 20, 80, 150, and 300 mg L-1 (ppm) for 96 hs to explore disparities in Mn accumulation among several tissues: optic nerve, brain, hepatopancreas, muscle, hemolymph, gill, and exoskeleton. These concentrations were based on realistic pore-water concentrations (20 mg L-1), high sediment concentrations (80 mg L-1), and unrealistically high concentrations to determine lethality (150 and 300 mg L-1). A positive correlation between Mn accumulation and exposure concentration was observed in all tissues examined. In the internal tissues, manganese concentrations showed a high affinity towards brain, optic nerve, and hemolymph. In the exoskeleton and gills, Mn concentrations were also high, possibly because of internal uptake as well as external adsorption. Concentrations of Mn in tissues from the acute exposure study followed the accumulation pattern: hemolymph > gill > exoskeleton > optic nerve > brain > hepatopancreas = muscle. A long-term exposure study lasting seven weeks was designed to investigate the potential link between high Mn exposure and idiopathic blindness, a condition that affects an estimated 50 % of the adult American lobster population off Southern New England (SNE), USA. A comparison of these exposure studies showed evidence of time-dependent Mn accumulation in brain, muscle, exoskeleton, and gill tissue. Although the relationship between Mn exposure and blindness was not apparent, there was a modest trend in the development of blindness (Chi-square, p = 0.102) in animals exposed to a high concentration (150 mg L-1) of the metal. With no mortalities occurring in the acute study and only one mortality in the long-term study, it is highly unlikely that Mn is acutely toxic to American lobsters at environmentally relevant concentrations. Its potential role in idiopathic blindness remains to be determined.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Elevated manganese concentrations may contribute to neurotoxicity and altered foraging efficiency in decapods, while aluminum has been linked to immobility and reduced survival in cladocerans.
“In addition to PAHs, elevated manganese concentrations may contribute to neurotoxicity and altered foraging efficiency in decapods [76][77][78], while aluminum has been linked to immobility and reduced survival in cladocerans [79].”
From Wildfire Ash Alters Freshwater Crustacean Behavior: Disentangling the Contributions of Suspended Macroparticles and Ash‐Induced Alkalinization (2026) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,924 · see citing works
Aliko, V., Qirjo, M., Sula, E., Morina, V., & Faggio, C. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.042 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Manganese neurotoxicity: Cellular effects and blood-brain barrier transport
Aschner, M., & Aschner, J. L. (1991) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80026-0 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Aller, R. C. (1994) · Journal of Marine Research · doi:10.1357/0022240943077091 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Trace Metal Accumulation in Marine Invertebrates: Marine Biology or Marine Chemistry?
Rainbow, P. S. (1997) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315400033877 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Manganese Transport and Trafficking: Lessons Learned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Culotta, V., Yang, M., & Hall, M. D. (2005) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.4.7.1159-1165.2005 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Manganese Flux Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Yokel, R. A. (2009) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-009-8101-2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Uptake and Transport of Manganese in Primary and Secondary Olfactory Neurones in Pike
Tjälve, H., Mejàre, C., & Borg‐Neczak, K. (1995) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb01909.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Manganese-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells
Hirata, Y. (2002) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00215-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Molting as a mechanism of depuration of metals in the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax
Bergey, L. L., & Weis, J. S. (2007) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.04.009 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Behaviour of manganese in the Rhine and Scheldt estuaries
Wollast, R., Billen, G., & Duinker, J. C. (1979) · Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science · doi:10.1016/0302-3524(79)90111-7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Uglow, R. F. (1969) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/0010-406x(69)91804-0 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Kitazawa, M., Anantharam, V., Yang, Y., et al. (2004) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.08.035 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Manganese induced immune suppression of the lobster, Nephrops norvegicus
Hernroth, B. E., Baden, S. P., Holm, K., André, T., & Söderhäll, I. (2004) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.09.004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Intermittent ventilation in the hypoxic zone of western Long Island Sound during the summer of 2004
O’Donnell, J., Dam, H. G., Bohlen, W. F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jc004716 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Contamination and correlation with toxicity of sediment samples from the Skagerrak and Kattegat
Magnusson, K., Ekelund, R., Dave, G., et al. (1996) · Journal of Sea Research · doi:10.1016/s1385-1101(96)90749-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Light and retinal damage in Nephrops norvegicus (L.) (Crustacea)
Shelton, P. M. J., Gaten, E., & Chapman, C. J. (1985) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1985.0092 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Baden, S. P., & Neil, D. M. (1998) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(97)00437-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Contaminant distribution and accumulation in the surface sediments of Long Island Sound
Mecray, E. L., & ten Brink, M. R. B. (2000) · Journal of Coastal Research · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Manganese induced apoptosis in haematopoietic cells of Nephrops norvegicus (L.)
Oweson, C., Baden, S. P., & Hernroth, B. E. (2006) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Haemolymph protein concentrations in portunid crabs—I. Studies on adult Carcinus maenas
Uglow, R. F. (1969) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/0010-406x(69)91046-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Role, Routes and Effects of Manganese in Crustaceans
Baden, S. P., & Eriksson, S. P. (2006) · Oceanography and Marine Biology/Oceanography and marine biology - an annual review · doi:10.1201/9781420006391.ch2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Krång, A.-S., & Rosenqvist, G. (2006) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.04.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fingerman, M., Hanumante, M. M., Fingerman, S. W., et al. (1981) · Journal of Crustacean Biology · doi:10.2307/1548202 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Brouwer, M. H., Bonaventura, C., & Bonaventura, J. (1983) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00289a016 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Histological Assessment of the Lobster (Homarus americanus) in the “100 Lobsters” Project
Shields, J. D., Wheeler, K. N., & MOSS, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/035.031.0204 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationBaden, S. P., Eriksson, S. P., & Gerhardt, L. (1999) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(98)00123-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Vision is highly sensitive to oxygen availability in marine invertebrate larvae
McCormick, L. R., Levin, L. A., & Oesch, N. W. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.200899 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Physiological Color Changes of the Fiddler Crab, Uca pugilator
Reddy, P. S., & Fingerman, M. (1995) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1006/eesa.1995.1045 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Eriksson, S. P., & Baden, S. P. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2864-5_21 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Holmes, J. M., Gräns, A.-S., Neil, D. M., & Baden, S. P. (1999) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology · doi:10.1007/s003600050236 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gaten, E. (1988) · Marine Behaviour and Physiology · doi:10.1080/10236248809378671 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bartlett, R., Mortimer, R. J. G., & Morris, K. (2007) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.027 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Eriksson, S. P. (2000) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00035-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Recruitment, Colonization and Physical-Chemical Forcing in Marine Biological Systems
(1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2864-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Magel, C. R., Shields, J. D., & Brill, R. W. (2009) · The Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv217n1p95 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationHistopathology of idiopathic lesions in the eyes of Homarus americanus from Long Island Sound
Maniscalco, A. M., & Shields, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jip.2005.09.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationCuomo, C., Valente, R. M., DOGRU, D., et al. (2005) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[805:svisab]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Distal Retinal Pigment Cells of the Fiddler Crab, Uca pugilator
Reddy, P. S., Nguyen, L. K., Obih, P., et al. (1997) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s001289900363 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Draxler, A. F. J., Sherrell, R. M., Wieczorek, D., LaVigne, M., & Paulson, A. J. (2005) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2005)24[815:mcilha]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ponzoni, S. (2017) · Invertebrate Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10158-017-0198-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ochs, A. T., Shields, J. D., Hatzipetro, M. S., et al. (2018) · Bulletin of Marine Science · doi:10.5343/bms.2017.1133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Factor, J.R., "Control of Growth and Reproduction." Biology of the Lobster Homarus americanus, Academic Press Limited, 1995, pp. 218-222.
- Tombes, A.S., 1970. Malacostraca. An Introduction To Invertebrate Endocrinology, Academic Press Incorporated, pp 135-144.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pereira‐Silva, P. B., Pacheco, D. R., Kirsch, G., Araujo, R. M. G., Oscar, B. V. C., Matias, W. G., Santos, S., & Figueiredo, B. R. S. (2026) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.70178
- Authors
- Ochs, A. T., Shields, J. D., Rice, G. W., & Unger, M. A.
- Affiliations
- William & Mary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shields, Jeffrey D.
- Venue
- Aquatic Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 219
- Pages
- 105379
- ISSN
- 0166-445X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2991827319
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- scholarworks.wm.edu
- Locations
- Aquatic Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- W&M Publish (College of William & Mary) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Virginia Sea Grant, Virginia Institute of Marine Science
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Keywords
- manganese, Homarus americanus, metal accumulation, neurotoxicity, hypoxia, tissue distribution, hemolymph, optic nerve, brain, long-term exposure, acute toxicity, southern New England
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blindness, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Gills, Hemolymph, Nephropidae, Manganese, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Toxicity Tests, Hepatopancreas
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
