A systematic literature review on the significance of deep learning and machine learning in predicting Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, characterized by a steady decline in mental, behavioral, and social abilities and impairs a person's capacity for independent functioning. It is a fatal neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting older adults.Objectives The purpose of this literature review is to investigate various AD detection techniques, datasets, input modalities, algorithms, libraries, and performance evaluation metrics used to determine which model or strategy may provide superior performance.Method The initial search yielded 807 papers, but only 100 research articles were chosen after applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria. This SLR analyzed research items published between January 2019 and December 2022. The ACM, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, PubMed, Springer and Taylor & Francis were systematically searched. The current study considers articles that used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), APOe4 genotype, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) biomarkers. The study was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Conclusion According to the literature survey, most studies (n = 76) used the DL strategy. The datasets used by studies were primarily derived from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The majority of studies (n = 73) used single-modality neuroimaging data, while the remaining used multi-modal input data. In a multi-modality approach, the combination of MRI and PET scans is commonly preferred. Also, Regarding the algorithm used, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) showed the highest accuracy, 100 %, in classifying AD vs. CN subjects whereas the SVM was the most common ML algorithm, with a maximum accuracy of 99.82 %.
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Deep learning models have demonstrated strong performance in AD classification and risk prediction and show growing potential for inferring cellular characteristics from imaging phenotypes.
“Deep learning models have demonstrated strong performance in AD classification and risk prediction and show growing potential for inferring cellular characteristics from imaging phenotypes.”
From Diffusion MRI reveals amyloid plaque–associated cellular signatures through spatial transcriptomic integration (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
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An Exemplar Pyramid Feature Extraction Based Alzheimer Disease Classification Method
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Alzheimer disease diagnosis for magnetic resonance brain images using deep learning neural networks
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Zoom-In Neural Network Deep-Learning Model for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessments
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Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis using a Hybrid Model of ResNet-50 and Logistic Regression
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- Authors
- Kaur, A., Mittal, M., Bhatti, J. S., Thareja, S., & Singh, S.
- Affiliations
- Central University of Punjab (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Satwinder
- Venue
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-08
- Volume
- 154
- Pages
- 102928
- ISSN
- 0933-3657 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4400274374
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 4.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease detection, deep learning, machine learning, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance imaging, PET, diffusion tensor imaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, APOE ε4, multimodal fusion, convolutional neural networks, support vector machine, ADNI, dementia
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Algorithms, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Biomarkers, Positron-Emission Tomography, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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