Association between cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, and carotid arteriosclerosis in Japanese individuals
Open accessAbstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with increased insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities. Here, we investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in cigarette smokers and people who never smoked by analyzing cross-sectional data of 5033 subjects aged between 35 and 65 years who underwent general health screening. Both former and current smoking was associated with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome defined by modified-National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria with odds ratios of 1.77 (95% CI 1.42-2.22, P < 0.0001) and 2.38 (95% CI 1.95-2.91, P < 0.0001), respectively. In both former and current smokers, prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased when the duration of cigarette smoking was > or = 10 years. The positive association between metabolic syndrome and smoking was only partially reversed even 5 years after quitting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome was an independent risk factor for carotid plaque with an odds ratio of 1.72 (95% CI 1.43-2.08, P < 0.0001). On the other hand, when limited to individuals without metabolic syndrome, former and current smoking was still found to be associated with carotid plaque with odds ratios of 1.49 (95% CI 1.15-1.92, P = 0.0023) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.22-2.03, P = 0.0005), respectively, in men. Collectively, these data suggest that the atherogenic consequences of smoking may, at least in part, be explained by its association with metabolic syndrome.
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Smoking increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes to 1.4 times.
“Smoking increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes to 1.4 times117)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [117]
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- Authors
- Ishizaka, N., Ishizaka, Y., Toda, E.-I., Hashimoto, H., Nagai, R., & Yamakado, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Mitsui Memorial Hospital (JP)
- Teikyo University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ishizaka, Nobukazu
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 181
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 381-388
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046177373
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, carotid arteriosclerosis, carotid plaque, smoking cessation, smoking duration, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis risk factors, Japanese adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Carotid Artery Diseases, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, Prevalence, Smoking Cessation, Metabolic Syndrome
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