Advanced glycation end products: An emerging biomarker for adverse outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease
Open accessAbstract
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) suffer from widespread atherosclerosis. Partly due to the growing awareness of cardiovascular disease, the incidence of PAD has increased considerably during the past decade. It is anticipated that algorithms to identify high risk patients for cardiovascular events require being updated, making use of novel biomarkers. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are moieties formed non-enzymatically on long-lived proteins under influence of glycemic and oxidative stress reactions. We elaborate about the formation and effects of AGEs, and the methods to measure AGEs. Several studies have been performed with AGEs in PAD. In this review, we evaluate the emerging evidence of AGEs as a clinical biomarker for patients with PAD.
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Chromatography-based methods (HPLC, UPLC, mainly combined with MS/MS) are the most sensitive approaches for detection of glycoxidation products.
“The most sensitive approaches for detection of glycoxidation products are methods based on chromatography, including HPLC und UPLC that are mainly combined with MS/MS.”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [164]
Section 3, “Measurement of AGEs” (page not specified), calls high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, most often combined with mass spectrometry, the techniques of choice for measuring AGEs. Table 1 describes chromatography as accurate and precise, but the copy does not establish that these are the most sensitive methods or specify tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChromatography-based methods represent the gold standard for identification of glycoxidation structures and detection in free and protein-bound forms.
“These methods represent the gold standard for the identification of glycoxidation structures and detection in free and protein-bound forms”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [164]
Section 3, “Measurement of AGEs,” calls high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, usually combined with mass spectrometry, the technique of choice for measuring both free and protein-bound AGEs. Table 1 also lists accurate measurement of specific AGEs as an advantage. The paper does not say these methods identify glycoxidation structures, so that part of the claim is not established. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUse of chromatography-based methods in routine clinical studies is limited, particularly due to high costs.
“but their use in routine clinical studies is limited, in particular, due to high costs [158,163,164]”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [164]
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Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases
Kehm, R., Baldensperger, T., Raupbach, J., & Höhn, A. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101901 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Role of ligands of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in peripheral artery disease
Yamagishi, S.-I., & Matsui, T. (2018) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2017.2025 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- de Vos, L. C., Lefrandt, J. D., Dullaart, R. P. F., Zeebregts, C. J., & Smit, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Smit, Andries J.
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 254
- Pages
- 291-299
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2528658218
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- advanced glycation end products, peripheral arterial disease, biomarkers, cardiovascular risk prediction, oxidative stress, cardiovascular adverse events
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Oxidation-Reduction, Risk Factors, Skin, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Oxidative Stress, Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease
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