A review on the scientific understanding of heatwaves—Their measurement, driving mechanisms, and changes at the global scale
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Many definitions involving persistence of anomalous daily maximum temperature values with prescribed amplitude do not always carry a natural definition of a heatwave amplitude.
“many definitions that actually involve a measure related to the persistence of anomalous daily maximum temperature values with prescribed amplitude. Then they do not always carry a natural definition of a heatwave amplitude (Perkins, 2015).”
From Deep Learning-Based Extreme Heatwave Forecast (2022) · cites this paper as Perkins, 2015
Traditional models relying on heuristic feature engineering often fail to generalize across diverse climates and capture the nonlinear dynamics of heatwave formation.
“They struggle to generalize across diverse climates and capture the nonlinear dynamics of HW formation [7, 9, 8].”
From Advancing Heatwave Forecasting via Distribution Informed-Graph Neural Networks (DI-GNNs): Integrating Extreme Value Theory with GNNs (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The use of a fixed 90th percentile threshold for Tmax did not adapt to regional and seasonal variations in heat extremes, limiting its applicability across diverse climates.
“Similarly, the use of a fixed 90th percentile threshold for T max did not adapt to regional and seasonal variations in heat extremes, limiting its applicability across diverse climates [7, 9].”
From Advancing Heatwave Forecasting via Distribution Informed-Graph Neural Networks (DI-GNNs): Integrating Extreme Value Theory with GNNs (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., & Meehl, G. A. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1 · Cited by 14,052 · see citing works
More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century
Meehl, G. A., & Tebaldi, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1098704 · Cited by 4,322 · see citing works
Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003
Stott, P. A., Stone, D. A., & Allen, M. R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03089 · Cited by 1,735 · see citing works
Fine-scale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change
Diffenbaugh, N. S., Pal, J. S., Trapp, R. J., & Giorgi, F. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506042102 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
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Heat Waves: Physical Understanding and Scientific Challenges
Barriopedro, D., García‐Herrera, R., Ordóñez, C., Miralles, D. G., & Salcedo‐Sanz, S. (2023) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2022rg000780 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Impacts of climate change and heat stress on farmworkers’ health: a scoping review
El Khayat, M., Halwani, D. A., Hneiny, L., Alameddine, I., Haidar, M. A., & Habib, R. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.782811 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Development of future heatwaves for different hazard thresholds
Vogel, M. M., Zscheischler, J., Fischer, E. M., & Seneviratne, S. I. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2019jd032070 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Hydro-meteorological risk assessment methods and management by nature-based solutions
Sahani, J., Kumar, P., Debele, S., Spyrou, C., Loupis, M., Aragão, L., Porcù, F., Shah, M. A. R., & Di Sabatino, S. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133936 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Future projections of heat waves over India from CMIP5 models
Rohini, P., Rajeevan, M., & Mukhopadhay, P. (2019) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04700-9 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Deep Learning-Based Extreme Heatwave Forecast
Jacques-Dumas, V., Ragone, F., Borgnat, P., Abry, P., & Bouchet, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.789641 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“They were often composed of several sub-events with the classical definitions [6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReview of heat wave studies and related urban policies in South Asia
Kotharkar, R., & Ghosh, A. (2021) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100777 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Seasonal prediction of European summer heatwaves
Prodhomme, C., Materia, S., Ardilouze, C., White, R. H., Batté, L., Guemas, V., Fragkoulidis, G., & García-Serrano, J. (2022) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05828-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Regional Heatwave Prediction Using Graph Neural Network and Weather Station Data
Li, P., Yu, Y., Huang, D., Wang, Z., & Sharma, A. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl103405 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
van Straaten, C., Whan, K., Coumou, D., van den Hurk, B., & Schmeits, M. (2022) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/mwr-d-21-0201.1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Evaluation of CORDEX- South Asia regional climate models for heat wave simulations over India
Singh, S., Mall, R. K., Dadich, J., Verma, S., Singh, J. V., & Gupta, A. (2021) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105228 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research
Marx, W., Haunschild, R., & Bornmann, L. (2021) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-021-03758-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chishtie, F. A., Brunet, D., White, R. H., Michelson, D., Jiang, J., Lucas, V., Ruboonga, E., Imaash, S., Westland, M., Chui, T., et al. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.13496
Berk, R. A., & Braverman, A. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.16118
“The study of heat waves and their consequences has been a major focus (Perkins, 2015; Pitcar et al., 2019; Marx et al., 2020; Klingh¨ofer et al., 2023).”
Berk, R. A. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.02349
“Heat waves and their consequences have been a major research focus of climate science for over a decade (Perkins, 2015; Pitcar et al., 2019; Marx et al., 2020; Klingh¨ofer et al., 2023).”
- Authors
- Perkins, S. E.
- Venue
- Atmospheric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 164-165
- Pages
- 242-267
- ISSN
- 0169-8095 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W805326927
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 20.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Atmospheric Research (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DE140100952)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Keywords
- heat waves, climate change attribution
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