The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autonomic ganglia, acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and autoimmune ganglionopathy
Open accessAbstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are ligand-gated cation channels that are present throughout the nervous system. The ganglionic (alpha3-type) neuronal AChR mediates fast synaptic transmission in sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric autonomic ganglia. Autonomic ganglia are an important site of neural integration and regulation of autonomic reflexes. Impaired cholinergic ganglionic synaptic transmission is one important cause of autonomic failure. Ganglionic AChR antibodies are found in many patients with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG). These antibodies recognize the alpha3 subunit of the ganglionic AChR, and thus do not bind non-specifically to other nicotinic AChR. Patients with high levels of ganglionic AChR antibodies typically present with rapid onset of severe autonomic failure, with orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal dysmotility, anhidrosis, bladder dysfunction and sicca symptoms. Impaired pupillary light reflex is often seen. Like myasthenia gravis, AAG is an antibody-mediated neurological disorder. Antibodies from patients with AAG inhibit ganglionic AChR currents and impair transmission in autonomic ganglia. An animal model of AAG in the rabbit recapitulates the important clinical features of the human disease and provides additional evidence that AAG is an antibody-mediated disorder caused by impairment of synaptic transmission in autonomic ganglia.
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“Ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (G-AChR) antibodies are implicated in autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, an acute pandysautonomia with characteristically severe gastrointestinal involvement.”
From Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Vernino et al., 2009
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Oosterhuis, H. (1997) · Cited by 2,397
Drachman, D. B. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302507 · Cited by 1,146
Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Fealey, R. D., Stewart, J. D., Farrugia, G., & Lennon, V. A. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009213431204 · Cited by 674
Self-citationPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: the Mayo clinic experience
Thieben, M. J., Sandroni, P., Sletten, D. M., Benrud-Larson, L. M., Fealey, R. D., Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Lennon, V. A., & Shen, W.-K. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61027-6 · Cited by 516
Self-citationXu, W., Gelber, S. E., Orr‐Urtreger, A., Armstrong, D. L., Lewis, R. A., Ou, C., Patrick, J. W., Role, L. W., Biasi, M. D., & Beaudet, A. L. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5746 · Cited by 287
Vernino, S. A., Adamski, J., Kryzer, T. J., Fealey, R. D., & Lennon, V. A. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.6.1806 · Cited by 226
Self-citationThe spectrum of autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Klein, C. M., Vernino, S. A., Lennon, V. A., Sandroni, P., Fealey, R. D., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., Sletten, D. M., & Low, P. A. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10556 · Cited by 212
Self-citationAutoantibody Profiles and Neurological Correlations of Thymoma
Vernino, S. A., & Lennon, V. A. (2004) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0735 · Cited by 200
Self-citationImmunization with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor induces neurological autoimmune disease
Lennon, V. A., Ermilov, L. G., Szurszewski, J. H., & Vernino, S. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17429 · Cited by 178
Self-citationPassive Transfer of Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy to Mice
Vernino, S. A., Ermilov, L. G., Sha, L., Szurszewski, J. H., Low, P. A., & Lennon, V. A. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1485-04.2004 · Cited by 134
Self-citationSkok, M. V., Voitenko, L. P., Voitenko, S. V., Lykhmus, E. Y., Kalashnik, E. N., Litvin, T. I., Tzartos, S. J., & Skok, V. I. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00160-8 · Cited by 122
Plasma Exchange for Primary Autoimmune Autonomic Failure
Schroeder, C., Vernino, S. A., Birkenfeld, A. L., Tank, J., Heusser, K., Lipp, A., Benter, T., Lindschau, C., Kettritz, R., Luft, F. C., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051719 · Cited by 119
Self-citationMyasthenia gravis with autoimmune autonomic neuropathy
Vernino, S., Cheshire, W. P., & Lennon, V. A. (2001) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(01)00239-9 · Cited by 106
Self-citationK�ppenbender, K. D., Standaert, D. G., Feuerstein, T. J., Penney, J. B., Young, A. B., & Landwehrmeyer, G. B. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000417)419:4 · Cited by 104
Idiopathic Autonomic Neuropathy
Sandroni, P., Vernino, S. A., Klein, C. M., Lennon, V. A., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., Sletten, D. M., & Low, P. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.1.44 · Cited by 102
Self-citationExperimental Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy
Vernino, S. A., Low, P. A., & Lennon, V. A. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00408.2003 · Cited by 89
Self-citationCombined Immunomodulatory Therapy in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy
Gibbons, C. H., Vernino, S. A., & Freeman, R. L. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2007.60 · Cited by 85
Self-citationCharacterization of ganglionic acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies
Vernino, S. A., Lindstrom, J. M., Hopkins, S., Wang, Z., & Low, P. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.03.017 · Cited by 83
Self-citationAutoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
Wang, Z., Low, P. A., Jordan, J., Freeman, R. L., Gibbons, C. H., Schroeder, C., Sandroni, P., & Vernino, S. A. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000263185.30294.61 · Cited by 75
Self-citationGoldstein, D. S., Holmes, C. S., Dendi, R., Li, S., Brentzel, S., & Vernino, S. A. (2002) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-002-0020-3 · Cited by 49
Self-citationQuantal release of acetylcholine from the nerve endings of the guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion
Sacchi, O., & Perri, V. (1971) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00586615 · Cited by 44
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Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
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Acharya, N. K., Nagele, E. P., Han, M. C., Coretti, N. J., DeMarshall, C. A., Kosciuk, M. C., Boulos, P. A., & Nagele, R. G. (2012) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.03.004 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Vernino, S., Hopkins, S., & Wang, Z.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vernino, Steven
- ORCID
- Vernino, Steven
- Venue
- Autonomic Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 3-7
- ISSN
- 1566-0702 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2677210
- OpenAlex
- W2108751406
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autonomic Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS 32352, P50NS032352, R01NS48077, R01NS048077)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- alpha3 subunit, autonomic ganglia, autonomic failure, cholinergic neurotransmission, orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal motility disorders, anhidrosis, bladder dysfunction, sicca symptoms, pupillary light reflex, rabbit model, antibody-mediated autoimmunity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Autoantibodies, Autoantigens, Female, Ganglia, Autonomic, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Male, Middle Aged, Myasthenia Gravis, Synaptic Transmission, Rabbits, Receptors, Nicotinic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System, Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental, Primary Dysautonomias, Young Adult
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