Sleep, off-line processing, and vocal learning
Open accessAbstract
The study of song learning and the neural song system has provided an important comparative model system for the study of speech and language acquisition. We describe some recent advances in the bird song system, focusing on the role of off-line processing including sleep in processing sensory information and in guiding developmental song learning. These observations motivate a new model of the organization and role of the sensory memories in vocal learning.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The discovery that sleep is essential to a bird's acquisition of a song fostered a major advance in this field.
“The surprising discovery that sleep is essential to a bird's acquisition of a song fostered a major advance in this field (773, 774).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [774]
The Conclusions (§8a; page unavailable) report that a sleep-dependent singing rhythm is involved in accurate copying of a tutor’s song, supporting an important role for sleep in song learning. The paper does not establish that sleep is essential for acquiring any song, and §3a limits the observed rhythm to juvenile zebra finches using a particular learning strategy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe model proposed by Margoliash and co-workers may also account for song learning and maintenance of learned songs in adult songbirds.
“Although this model as proposed by Margoliash and co-workers (774, 775) aims to explain developmental song learning, it may account also for song learning and the maintenance of learned songs in adult songbirds.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [774]
Section 8a proposes a sleep-based model of developmental song learning, and Section 3b hypothesizes that sleep might play similar roles in adult birds, including song maintenance. Section 2 notes that some species learn new songs as adults, but the paper does not specifically apply its model to that adult learning. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe findings suggested a model where RA burst activity during sleep and forming of sensorimotor song representations requires twofold waking inputs: auditory feedback from actual singing and activity related to the sensory template of the tutor song.
“The findings suggested a model where RA burst activity during sleep and the forming of sensorimotor representations of a song requires a twofold of inputs during waking, i.e., on the one hand, auditory feedback activity from actual singing during waking that serves a permissive role in structuring night-time RA bursting and organizing the song representation and on the other hand activity related”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [774]
Song learning in birds bears great similarity with speech learning in human infants.
“It bears great similarity with speech learning in human infants (321,774).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [774]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 141 · Cited by 105
Research works printed but not linked: 115
- Akutagawa E Konishi M Connections of thalamic modulatory centers to the vocal control system of the zebra finch Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 102 39 14086 14091 Scopus 16166261 PMC1236583
- Appeltants D Absil P Balthazart J Ball GF Identification of the origin of catecholaminergic inputs to HVc in canaries by retrograde tract tracing combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 2000 18 3 117 133 Scopus 10720795
- Aronov D Andalman AS Fee MS A specialized forebrain circuit for vocal babbling in the juvenile songbird Science 2008 320 5876 630 634 Scopus 18451295
- Ashmore RC Renk JA Schmidt MF Bottom-up activation of the vocal motor forebrain by the respiratory brainstem Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 10 2613 2623 Scopus 18322104 PMC3263362
- Ashmore RC Wild JM Schmidt MF Brainstem and forebrain contributions to the generation of learned motor behaviors for song Journal of Neuroscience 2005 25 37 8543 8554 16162936 PMC6725679
- Aston-Jones G Cohen JD An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance Annual Review of Neuroscience 2005 28 403 450 Scopus 16022602
- Ball GF Castelino CB Maney DL Appeltants D Balthazart J The activation of birdsong by testosterone: multiple sites of action and role of ascending catecholamine projections Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2003 1007 211 231 Scopus 14993055
- Bass AH Gilland EH Baker R Evolutionary origins for social vocalization in a vertebrate hindbrain-spinal compartment Science 2008 321 5887 417 421 Scopus 18635807 PMC2582147
- Bauer EE Coleman MJ Roberts TF Roy A Prather JF Mooney R A synaptic basis for auditory-vocal integration in the songbird Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 6 1509 1522 Scopus 18256272 PMC6671566
- Berridge CW Waterhouse BD The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes Brain Research Reviews 2003 42 1 33 84 Scopus 12668290
- Bolhuis JJ Gahr M Neural mechanisms of birdsong memory Nature reviews 2006 7 5 347 357 Scopus 16760915
- Bottjer SW Miesner EA Arnold AP Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds Science 1984 224 4651 901 903 Scopus 6719123
- Brainard MS Doupe AJ Interruption of a basal ganglia-forebrain circuit prevents plasticity of learned vocalizations Nature 2000 404 6779 762 766 Scopus 10783889
- Brawn TP Fenn KM Nusbaum HC Margoliash D Consolidation of sensorimotor learning during sleep Learning and Memory 2008 15 11 815 819 Scopus 18984561
- Buzsaki G Memory consolidation during sleep: a neurophysiological perspective Journal of sleep research 1998 7 Suppl 1 17 23 9682189
- Campbell S Tobler I Animal sleep: a review of sleep duration across phylogeny Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 1984 8 269 300 Scopus 6504414
- Cardin JA Schmidt MF Song system auditory responses are stable and highly tuned during sedation, rapidly modulated and unselective during wakefulness, and suppressed by arousal J Neurophysiol 2003 90 5 2884 2899 Scopus 12878713
- Cardin JA Schmidt MF Noradrenergic inputs mediate state dependence of auditory responses in the avian song system Journal of Neuroscience 2004 24 35 7745 7753 Scopus 15342742 PMC6729633
- Castelino CB Diekamp B Ball GF Noradrenergic projections to the song control nucleus area X of the medial striatum in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) Journal of Comparative Neurology 2007 502 4 544 562 Scopus 17394158
- Catchpole CK Slater PJB Bird Song. Biological Themes and Variations 1995 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
- Chew SJ Mello C Nottebohm F Jarvis E Vicario DS Decrements in auditory responses to a repeated conspecific song are long-lasting and require two periods of protein synthesis in the songbird forebrain Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A 1995 92 8 3406 3410 Scopus PMC42175 7724575
- Chi Z Margoliash D Temporal precision and temporal drift in brain and behavior of zebra finch song Neuron 2001 32 5 899 910 Scopus 11738034
- Chi Z Rauske PL Margoliash D Pattern filtering for detection of neural activity, with examples from HVc activity during sleep in zebra finches Neural Computation 2003 15 10 2307 2337 Scopus 14511523
- Conner JM Culberson A Packowski C Chiba AA Tuszynski MH Lesions of the Basal forebrain cholinergic system impair task acquisition and abolish cortical plasticity associated with motor skill learning Neuron 2003 38 5 819 829 Scopus 12797965
- da Silva E.S.o. dos Santos TV Hoeller AA dos Santos TS Pereira GV Meneghelli C Pezlin AI dos Santos MM Faria MS Paschoalini MA Behavioral and metabolic effects of central injections of orexins/hypocretins in pigeons (Columba livia) Regulatory Peptides 2008 147 1-3 9 18 Scopus 18234360
- Dave AS Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Vocal Integration Ph.D. Thesis 2001 University of Chicago
- Dave A Yu AC Margoliash D Behavioral state modulation of auditory activity in a vocal motor system Science 1998 282 2250 2254 Scopus 9856946
- Deregnaucourt S Mitra PP Feher O Pytte C Tchernichovski O How sleep affects the developmental learning of bird song Nature 2005 433 7027 710 716 Scopus 15716944
- Deregnaucourt S Mitra PP O F Maul K J LT Tchernichovski O Marler P Zeigler HP Song development: from moment-to-moment to lifetime Behavioral Neurobiology of Birdsong 2004 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences New York
- Doupe AJ Kuhl PK Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms Annual review of neuroscience 1999 22 567 631 Scopus 10202549
- Fortune ES Margoliash D Cytoarchitectonic organization and morphology of cells of the field L complex in male zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) Journal of Comparative Neurology 1992 325 3 388 404 Scopus 1447407
- Fortune ES Margoliash D Parallel pathways and convergence onto HVc and adjacent neostriatum of adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) Journal of Comparative Neurology 1995 360 3 413 441 Scopus 8543649
- Gahr M Neural song control system of hummingbirds: comparison to swifts, vocal learning (Songbirds) and nonlearning (Suboscines) passerines, and vocal learning (Budgerigars) and nonlearning (Dove, owl, gull, quail, chicken) nonpasserines Journal of Comparative Neurology 2000 426 2 182 196 Scopus 10982462
- Gentner TQ Fenn KM Margoliash D Nusbaum HC Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds Nature 2006 440 7088 1204 1207 Scopus 16641998 PMC2653278
- Gibbs ME Memory systems in the chick: regional and temporal control by noradrenaline Brain Research Bulletin 2008 76 3 170 182 Scopus 18498929
- Glaze CM Troyer TW Temporal structure in zebra finch song: implications for motor coding Journal of Neuroscience 2006 26 3 991 1005 Scopus 16421319 PMC6675377
- Goldin-Meadow S Nusbaum H Kelly SD Wagner S Explaining Math: Gesturing Lightens the Load Psychological Science 2001 12 6 516 Scopus 11760141
- Hahnloser RH Kozhevnikov AA Fee MS An ultra-sparse code underlies the generation of neural sequences in a songbird Nature 2002 419 6902 65 70 Scopus 12214232
- Hahnloser RH Wang CZ Nager A Naie K Spikes and bursts in two types of thalamic projection neurons differentially shape sleep patterns and auditory responses in a songbird Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 19 5040 5052 Scopus 18463257 PMC6670741
- Hahnloser RHR Fee MS Sleep-related spike bursts in HVC are driven by the nucleus interface of the nidopallium Journal of Neurophysiology 2007 97 1 423 435 Scopus 17005618
- Harris-Warrick RM Marder E Modulation of neural networks for behavior Annual Review of Neuroscience 1991 14 39 57 Scopus 2031576
- Hennevin E Huetz C Edeline JM Neural representations during sleep: from sensory processing to memory traces Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 2007 87 3 416 440 Scopus 17178239
- Hinton GE Dayan P Frey BJ Neal RM The “wake-sleep” algorithm for unsupervised neural networks Science 1995 268 5214 1158 1161 7761831
- Houde JF Jordan MI Sensorimotor adaptation in speech production Science 1998 279 1213 1216 Scopus 9469813
- Hough GE Volman SF Short-term and long-term effects of vocal distortion on song maintenance in zebra finches Journal of Neuroscience 2002 22 1177 1186 Scopus 11826147 PMC6758533
- Immelmann K Hinde RA Song development in the zebra finch and other estrildid finches Bird Vocalizations 1969 61 74 Cambridge University Press London
- Jarvis ED Gunturkun O Bruce L Csillag A Karten H Kuenzel W Medina L Paxinos G Perkel DJ Shimizu T Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution Nature reviews 2005 6 2 151 159 Scopus PMC2507884 15685220
- Ji D Wilson MA Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep Nat Neurosci 2007 10 1 100 107 Scopus 17173043
- Kao MH Brainard MS Lesions of an avian basal ganglia circuit prevent context-dependent changes to song variability Journal of Neurophysiology 2006 96 3 1441 1455 Scopus 16723412
- Karten HJ Homology and evolutionary origins of the ‘neocortex’ Brain, Behavior and Evolution 1991 38 4-5 264 272 Scopus 1777808
- Karten HJ Evolutionary developmental biology meets the brain: the origins of mammalian cortex Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A 1997 94 7 2800 2804 Scopus PMC34154 9096300
- Keller GB Hahnloser RH Neural processing of auditory feedback during vocal practice in a songbird Nature 2009 457 7226 187 190 Scopus 19005471
- Kilgard MP Merzenich MM Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity Science 1998 279 5357 1714 1718 Scopus 9497289
- Kluender KR Diehl RL Killeen PR Japanese quail can learn phonetic categories Science 1987 237 4819 1195 1197 Scopus 3629235
- Konishi M The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the white-crowned sparrow Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 1965 22 770 783 Scopus 5874921
- Konishi M The role of auditory feedback in birdsong Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2004 1016 463 475 Scopus 15313790
- Konishi M Nottebohm F Hinde RA Experimental studies in the ontogeny of avian vocalization Bird Vocalizations 1969 29 38 Cambridge University Press London
- Kozhevnikov AA Fee MS Singing-related activity of identified HVC neurons in the zebra finch Journal of Neurophysiology 2007 97 6 4271 4283 Scopus 17182906
- Kuhl PK Models and mechanisms in speech perception. Species comparisons provide further contributions Brain, Behavior and Evolution 1979 16 5-6 374 408 Scopus 399202
- Leonardo A Fee MS Ensemble coding of vocal control in birdsong Journal of Neuroscience 2005 25 3 652 661 Scopus 15659602 PMC6725314
- Leonardo A Konishi M Decrystallization of adult birdsong by perturbation of auditory feedback Nature 1999 399 6735 466 470 Scopus 10365958
- Li R Sakaguchi H Cholinergic innervation of the song control nuclei by the ventral paleostriatum in the zebra finch: a double-labeling study with retrograde fluorescent tracers and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry Brain Research 1997 763 2 239 246 Scopus 9296565
- Liu WC Gardner TJ Nottebohm F Juvenile zebra finches can use multiple strategies to learn the same song Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A 2004 101 52 18177 18182 Scopus PMC539774 15608063
- Lombardino AJ Nottebohm F Age at deafening affects the stability of learned song in adult male zebra finches Journal of Neuroscience 2000 20 13 5054 5064 Scopus 10864963 PMC6772266
- London SE Clayton DF Functional identification of sensory mechanisms required for developmental song learning Nature Neuroscience 2008 11 5 579 586 Scopus PMC2562764 18391944
- Long MA Fee MS Using temperature to analyse temporal dynamics in the songbird motor pathway Nature 2008 456 7219 189 194 Scopus 19005546 PMC2723166
- Low PS Shank SS Sejnowski TJ Margoliash D Mammalian-like features of sleep structure in zebra finches Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A 2008 105 26 9081 9086 Scopus PMC2440357 18579776
- Margoliash D Acoustic parameters underlying the responses of song-specific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow Journal of Neuroscience 1983 3 5 1039 1057 Scopus 6842281 PMC6564505
- Margoliash D Preference for autogenous song by auditory neurons in a song system nucleus of the white-crowned sparrow Journal of Neuroscience 1986 6 6 1643 1661 Scopus 3712002 PMC6568716
- Margoliash D Evaluating theories of bird song learning: implications for future directions Journal of Comparative Physiology A 2002 188 11-12 851 866 Scopus 12471486
- Margoliash D Fortune ES Temporal and harmonic combination-sensitive neurons in the zebra finch’s HVc Journal of Neuroscience 1992 12 4309 4326 Scopus 1432096 PMC6575994
- Marler P A comparative approach to vocal learning: song development in white-crowned sparrows Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1970a 71 (2),Part 2 1 25 Scopus
- Marler P Birdsong and speech development: could there be parallels? American Scientist 1970b 58 6 669 673 Scopus 5480089
- Marler P Sherman V Song structure without auditory feedback: emendations of the auditory template hypothesis Journal of Neuroscience 1983 3 3 517 531 Scopus 6827307 PMC6564553
- Marrocco RT Lane RF McClurkin JW Blaha CD Alkire MF Release of cortical catecholamines by visual-stimulation requires activity in thalamocortical afferents of monkey and cat Journal of Neuroscience 1987 7 9 2756 2767 Scopus 3625272 PMC6569152
- McCormick DA Bal T Sleep and arousal: thalamocortical mechansims Annual Review of Neuroscience 1997 20 185 215 9056712
- McNeill D Hand and mind: What gesture reveals about thought 1992 University of Chicago Press Chicago
- Nick TA Konishi M Neural auditory selectivity develops in parallel with song Journal of Neurobiology 2005a 62 4 469 481 Scopus 15616963
- Nick TA Konishi M Neural song preference during vocal learning in the zebra finch depends on age and state Journal of Neurobiology 2005b 62 2 231 242 Scopus 15459895
- Nordeen KW Nordeen EJ Auditory feedback is necessary for the maintenance of stereotyped song in adult zebra finches Behavioral & Neural Biology 1992 57 1 58 66 Scopus 1567334
- Nusbaum HC Margoliash D Berntson GCJ Understanding spoken language Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences John Wiley & Sons New York in press
- Ostrovsky Y Andalman A Sinha P Vision following extended congenital blindness Psychological Science 2006 17 12 1009 1014 Scopus 17201779
- Pearson AL Gale SD Farries MA Perkel DJ Organization of the songbird basal ganglia, including area X Journal of Comparative Neurology 2008 508 5 840 866 Scopus 18398825
- Peigneux P Laureys S Fuchs S Collette F Perrin F Reggers J Phillips C Degueldre C Del Fiore G Aerts J Are spatial memories strengthened in the human hippocampus during slow wave sleep? Neuron 2004 44 3 535 545 Scopus 15504332
- Petrides M Cadoret G Mackey S Orofacial somatomotor responses in the macaque monkey homologue of Broca’s area Nature 2005 435 7046 1235 1238 Scopus 15988526
- Phan ML Pytte CL Vicario DS Early auditory experience generates long-lasting memories that may subserve vocal learning in songbirds Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A 2006 103 4 1088 1093 Scopus PMC1327730 16418265
- Poole JH Tyack PL Stoeger-Horwath AS Watwood S Animal behaviour: elephants are capable of vocal learning Nature 2005 434 7032 455 456 15791244
- Price PH Developmental determinants of structure in zebra finch song Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1979 93 268 277 Scopus
- Rasch B Buchel C Gais S Born J Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation Science 2007 315 5817 1426 1429 Scopus 17347444
- Rattenborg NC Evolution of slow-wave sleep and palliopallial connectivity in mammals and birds: a hypothesis Brain Research Bulletin 2006 69 1 20 29 Scopus 16464681
- Rauske PL Shea SD Margoliash D State and neuronal class-dependent reconfiguration in the avian song system Journal of Neurophysiology 2003 89 3 1688 1701 Scopus 12626633
- Rendell L Whitehead H Culture in whales and dolphins The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2001 24 2 309 324 discussion 324-382 Scopus 11530544
- Rickard TC Cai DJ Rieth CA Jones J Ard MC Sleep does not enhance motor sequence learning Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2008 34 4 834 842 Scopus 18605872
- Roberts TF Klein ME Kubke MF Wild JM Mooney R Telencephalic neurons monosynaptically link brainstem and forebrain premotor networks necessary for song Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 13 3479 3489 Scopus 18367614 PMC2843410
- Rose GJ Goller F Gritton HJ Plamondon SL Baugh AT Cooper BG Species-typical songs in white-crowned sparrows tutored with only phrase pairs Nature 2004 432 7018 753 758 Scopus 15592413
- Schmidt MF Ashmore RC Zeigler HP Marler P Integrating breathing and singing: forebrain and brainstem mechanisms Neuroscience of Birdsong 2008 285 322 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
- Shea SD Margoliash D Basal forebrain cholinergic modulation of auditory activity in the zebra finch song system Neuron 2003a 40 6 1213 1226 Scopus 14687554
- Stickgold R James L Hobson JA Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training Nature Neuroscience 2000 3 12 1237 1238 Scopus 11100141
- Sturdy CB Wild JM Mooney R Respiratory and telencephalic modulation of vocal motor neurons in the zebra finch Journal of Neuroscience 2003 23 3 1072 1086 Scopus 12574438 PMC6741937
- Sutter ML Margoliash D Global synchronous response to autogenous song in zebra finch HVc Journal of Neurophysiology 1994 72 5 2105 2123 Scopus 7884447
- Tchernichovski O Lints TJ Deregnaucourt S Cimenser A Mitra PP Studying the song development process rationale and methods Behavioral Neurobiology of Birdsong 2004 1016 348 363 Scopus 15313784
- Tchernichovski O Mitra PP Lints T Nottebohm F Dynamics of the vocal imitation process: how a zebra finch learns its song Science 2001 291 5513 2564 2569 Scopus 11283361
- Tchernichovski O Nottebohm F Ho CE Pesaran B Mitra PP A procedure for an automated measurement of song similarity Animal Behaviour 2000 59 6 1167 1176 Scopus 10877896
- Terpstra NJ Bolhuis JJ den Boer-Visser AM An analysis of the neural representation of birdsong memory Journal of Neuroscience 2004 24 21 4971 4977 Scopus 15163689 PMC6729366
- Theunissen F Doupe A Temporal and spectral sensitivity of complex auditory neurons in the nucleus HVc of male zebra finches Journal of Neuroscience 1998 18 3786 3802 Scopus 9570809 PMC6793129
- Tinbergen N The Study of Instinct 1951 Oxford University Press Oxford
- Tumer EC Brainard MS Performance variability enables adaptive plasticity of ‘crystallized’ adult birdsong Nature 2007 450 7173 1240 1244 Scopus 18097411
- Vates GE Broome BM Mello CV Nottebohm F Auditory pathways of caudal telencephalon and their relation to the song system of adult male zebra finches Journal of Comparative Neurology 1996 366 4 613 642 Scopus 8833113
- Volman SF Development of neural selectivity for birdsong during vocal learning Journal of Neuroscience 1993 13 11 4737 4747 Scopus 8229196 PMC6576335
- Wenk GL The nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic system: One hundred years of progress Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 1997 67 85 95 Scopus 9075237
- Wild JM Karten HJ Frost BJ Connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (Columba livia) Journal of Comparative Neurology 1993 337 1 32 62 Scopus 8276991
- Williams H McKibben JR Changes in stereotyped central motor patterns controlling vocalization are induced by peripheral nerve injury Behavioral & Neural Biology 1992 57 1 67 78 Scopus 1567335
- Williams H Nottebohm F Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds Science 1985 229 4710 279 282 Scopus 4012321
- Williams H Vicario DS Temporal patterning of song production: participation of nucleus uvaeformis of the thalamus Journal of Neurobiology 1993 24 7 903 912 Scopus 8228968
- Yu AC Margoliash D Temporal hierarchical control of singing in birds Science 1996 273 5283 1871 1875 Scopus 8791594
- Authors
- Margoliash, D., & Schmidt, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Margoliash, Daniel
- Venue
- Brain and Language
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-58
- ISSN
- 0093-934X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2891378
- OpenAlex
- W1979924544
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain and Language (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059831)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC006453)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sleep, vocal learning, song learning, bird song, sensory memory, speech and language acquisition, song development, sensory processing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Auditory Pathways, Brain, Learning, Sleep, Vocalization, Animal, Songbirds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review