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Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes-related alterations in brain mitochondria, autophagy and synaptic markers
Open accessAbstract
We aimed to investigate mitochondrial function, biogenesis and autophagy in the brain of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Isolated brain mitochondria and homogenates from cerebral cortex and hippocampus of wild-type (WT), triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) and T2D mice were used to evaluate mitochondrial functional parameters and protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and synaptic integrity markers, respectively. A significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and energy levels was observed in T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. Also, a significant decrease in the levels of autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) and glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) was observed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, both brain regions of 3xTg-AD mice present lower levels of nuclear respiratory factor (NRF) 1 while the levels of NRF2 are lower in both brain regions of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice. A decrease in mitochondrial encoded, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) was also observed in T2D and 3xTg-AD mice although only statistically significant in T2D cortex. Furthermore, a decrease in the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in the cerebral cortex of 3xTg-AD mice and in hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice and a decrease in the levels of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP 25) in the hippocampus of T2D and 3xTg-AD mice were observed suggesting synaptic integrity loss. These results support the idea that alterations in mitochondrial function, biogenesis and autophagy cause synaptic damage in AD and T2D.
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“Given the similarity in mitochondrial dysfunction observed in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and AD [184,185,186,187], it is reasonable to hypothesize that these lifestyle interventions, if implemented in midlife or earlier, may protect against the mitochondrial dysfunction evident in AD.”
From Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [186]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carvalho, C., Santos, M. S., Oliveira, C. R., & Moreira, P. I.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PT)
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Carvalho, Cristina
- Moreira, Paula I.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 1852
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1665-1675
- ISSN
- 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W285963485
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (13853 QREN DO-IT)
- Foundation for Science and Technology (04539)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, brain mitochondria, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, synaptic integrity, mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATG7, LAMP1, NRF1, Nrf2, ND1, PSD-95, SNAP-25, 3xTg-AD mice, cerebral cortex, hippocampus
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Autophagy, Brain, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Mitochondria, Synapses, Biomarkers, Mice
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