The DOI matches its Crossref record; 171 of the 177 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hepatic metabolism of retinoids and disease associations
Open accessAbstract
The liver is the most important tissue site in the body for uptake of postprandial retinoid, as well as for retinoid storage. Within the liver, both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are importantly involved in retinoid metabolism. Hepatocytes play an indispensable role in uptake and processing of dietary retinoid into the liver, and in synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is required for mobilizing hepatic retinoid stores. HSCs are the central cellular site for retinoid storage in the healthy animal, accounting for as much as 50-60% of the total retinoid present in the entire body. The liver is also an important target organ for retinoid actions. Retinoic acid is synthesized in the liver and can interact with retinoid receptors which control expression of a large number of genes involved in hepatic processes. Altered retinoid metabolism and the accompanying dysregulation of retinoid signaling in the liver contribute to hepatic disease. This is related to HSCs, which contribute significantly to the development of hepatic disease when they undergo a process of cellular activation. HSC activation results in the loss of HSC retinoid stores and changes in extracellular matrix deposition leading to the onset of liver fibrosis. An association between hepatic disease progression and decreased hepatic retinoid storage has been demonstrated. In this review article, we summarize the essential role of the liver in retinoid metabolism and consider briefly associations between hepatic retinoid metabolism and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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“The concentration of RBP4/Retinol lies in a very narrow and regulated range of around 2–3 uM in humans and 1 uM in mice [23], where fluctuations from this concentration range can lead to dysfunction and disorder.”
From Vitamin A Transporters in Visual Function: A Mini Review on Membrane Receptors for Dietary Vitamin A Uptake, Storage, and Transport to the Eye (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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Fu, Y., Lin, Y., Liu, F., Qiu, J., Chen, L., Dou, X., & Liang, X. H. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c16995
Zhao, W., Zhang, X., Xu, L., Zheng, M., Li, Z., Wang, Y., He, X., Hong, M., Zhang, H., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.34133/bmr.0422
López-Contreras, B. E., León‐Mimila, P., Villamil‐Ramírez, H., Morán‐Ramos, S., Cerqueda‐García, D., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Villarreal-Molina, M. T., Camacho-Barrón, M., García, O. P., et al. (2026) · Gut Microbes Reports · doi:10.1080/29933935.2026.2747503
Metadata
- Authors
- Shirakami, Y., Lee, S.-A., Clugston, R. D., & Blaner, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blaner, William S.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 1821
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 124-136
- ISSN
- 1388-1981 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3488285
- OpenAlex
- W2003289032
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (RC2 AA019413, R01 DK68437, R01 DK079221)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- vitamin A metabolism, liver, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, retinol-binding protein, retinoic acid, retinoid receptors, retinoid signaling, liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, extracellular matrix deposition, liver disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Humans, Liver, Liver Diseases, Retinoids, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Signal Transduction, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Rats, Hepatic Stellate Cells
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