The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Computer-aided detection of COVID-19 from X-ray images using multi-CNN and Bayesnet classifier
Open accessAbstract
Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by novel coronavirus. COVID-19 is spreading rapidly throughout the world. The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. However, the facility for RT-PCR test is limited, which causes early diagnosis of the disease difficult. Easily available modalities like X-ray can be used to detect specific symptoms associated with COVID-19. Pre-trained convolutional neural networks are widely used for computer-aided detection of diseases from smaller datasets. This paper investigates the effectiveness of multi-CNN, a combination of several pre-trained CNNs, for the automated detection of COVID-19 from X-ray images. The method uses a combination of features extracted from multi-CNN with correlation based feature selection (CFS) technique and Bayesnet classifier for the prediction of COVID-19. The method was tested using two public datasets and achieved promising results on both the datasets. In the first dataset consisting of 453 COVID-19 images and 497 non-COVID images, the method achieved an AUC of 0.963 and an accuracy of 91.16%. In the second dataset consisting of 71 COVID-19 images and 7 non-COVID images, the method achieved an AUC of 0.911 and an accuracy of 97.44%. The experiments performed in this study proved the effectiveness of pre-trained multi-CNN over single CNN in the detection of COVID-19.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“CNN has become the primary tool for automatic COVID-19 diagnosis in many hospitals around the world using chest X-ray images [256–260].”
From Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [258]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 114,148
ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., & Fei-Fei, L. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848 · Cited by 65,333
Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243 · Cited by 48,566
MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks
Sandler, M., Howard, A., Zhu, M., Zhmoginov, A., & Chen, L.-C. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00474 · Cited by 28,755
YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement
Redmon, J., & Farhadi, A. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.02767 · Cited by 17,141
Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
(1993) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.1993.341010 · Cited by 14,475
A Multi-Modal Distributed Real-Time IoT System for Urban Traffic Control (Invited Paper)
Khanam, Z., Achari, V. P. S., Boukhennoufa, I., et al. (2024) · Durham Research Online (Durham University) · doi:10.4230/oasics.ng-res.2024.2 · Cited by 14,048
ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devices
Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Lin, M., & Sun, J. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00716 · Cited by 9,982
Learning Transferable Architectures for Scalable Image Recognition
Zoph, B., Vasudevan, V., Shlens, J., & Le, Q. V. (2018) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00907 · Cited by 6,875
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 48 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bouckaert, 2008, Bayesian network classifiers in weka for version 3-5-7, Artif Intell Tools, 11, 369
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–168 of 168
Cilt Lezyonlarının Sınıflandırılmasında Derin Öğrenme Tabanlı Bir Yöntem
Göreke, V. (2021) · Türk doğa ve fen dergisi :/Türk doğa ve fen dergisi · doi:10.46810/tdfd.797683 · Cited by 3
Detecting Covid-19 in Chest X-Ray Images With Convolutional Neural Network
Rashid, N. M., Shuib, L. M., Eke, C. I., & Azmi, N. A. (2021) · doi:10.1109/ic2se52832.2021.9791913 · Cited by 3
COVID ‐19: A systematic review of prediction and classification techniques
Varma, O. R., Kalra, M., & Kirmani, S. (2023) · International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology · doi:10.1002/ima.22905 · Cited by 3
DeepCSFusion: Deep Compressive Sensing Fusion for Efficient COVID-19 Classification
Ragab, D. A., Fayed, S. F., & Ghatwary, N. (2024) · Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10278-024-01011-2 · Cited by 3
Hou, M., Wang, J., Liu, T., Li, Z., Hounye, A. H., Liu, X., Wang, K., & Chen, S. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18910-9 · Cited by 3
Preliminary Classification of Selected Farmland Habitats in Ireland Using Deep Neural Networks
Abraham, L., Davy, S., Zawish, M., Mhapsekar, R. U., Finn, J. A., & Moran, P. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22062190 · Cited by 4
A Deep Learning Framework for the Classification of Lung Diseases Using Chest X-Ray Images
Vyshnavi, M., Abraham, B., & Ramachandran, S. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11346-8_29 · Cited by 3
Self-citationGuhan, B., Sowmiya, S., Shivani, B., Umapathy, S., & Rajalakshmi, T. (2021) · Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications · doi:10.4015/s1016237222500028 · Cited by 3
Khan, M. S. I., Rahman, A., Karim, M. R., Bithi, N. I., Band, S. S., Dehzangi, A., & Alinejad-Rokny, H. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.21257430 · Cited by 3
Deep Ensemble Approaches for Classification of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images
Thomas, J. B., Devvarma, M., & Shihabudheen, K. V. (2021) · International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies (3ICT) · doi:10.1109/3ict53449.2021.9581389 · Cited by 2
Fuzzy Divergence for Lung Radiography Image Enhancement
Sousa, W. P., Cruz, C. C. P., & Lanzillotti, R. S. (2023) · Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics · doi:10.5540/tcam.2023.024.04.00699 · Cited by 2
GA-NN and PSO-NN for Medical Images Classification: A Comparative Analysis
Ibrahim, H. K., Rokbani, N., Wali, A., & Alimi, A. M. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Green Energy (ICAIGE) · doi:10.1109/icaige58321.2023.10346503 · Cited by 2
CNN Models Using Chest X-Ray Images for COVID-19 Detection: A Survey
Mellal, N., & Zaidi, S. (2023) · Revue d intelligence artificielle · doi:10.18280/ria.370621 · Cited by 2
A Design Using the IoT to Prevent Future Pandemics and Identify People with COVID-19 Symptoms
Sathishkumar, L., Pandala, M. L., Azath, H., Eswaran, M., Pandimurugan, V., Mandviya, R., & Ramakrishna, V. (2022) · International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) · doi:10.1109/icaccs54159.2022.9785347 · Cited by 2
Joshi, G., Kumar, R., & Chauhan, A. K. S. (2021) · International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration · doi:10.19101/ijatee.2021.874608 · Cited by 2
Kogilavani, S. V., Sandhiya, R., & Malliga, S. (2022) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-2948-9_40 · Cited by 2
Chen, Y., Lin, C.-K., Chou, J. C.-L., Chen, S., & Ting, M.-H. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141912485 · Cited by 2
Android App based on CNN for Covid-19 Detection using Chest X-ray Images
Mellal, N., Bouzekri, K., Sabri, M., & Abdennebi, S. (2022) · International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems (PAIS) · doi:10.1109/pais56586.2022.9946916 · Cited by 2
Modular Approach for Neural Networks in Medical Image Classification with Enhanced Fuzzy Integration
Varela-Santos, S., & Melín, P. (2022) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08266-5_2 · Cited by 1
PDCapsNet: A Convolution Neural Network Method for COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images
Liang, Z., Lu, H., You, C., Zhu, W., Xie, L. H., & Yao, Y. (2023) · International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education · doi:10.1109/itme60234.2023.00058 · Cited by 1
A Deep Learning Framework for COVID-19 Diagnosis from Computed Tomography
Mansouri, N., Sultan, K., Ahmad, A., Alseadoon, I. M., & Alkhalil, A. (2022) · Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing · doi:10.32604/iasc.2022.025046 · Cited by 1
Alissa, K., Obeidat, R., Alqudah, S. F., Obeidat, R., & Ismail, Q. (2022) · International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS) · doi:10.1109/icemis56295.2022.9914248 · Cited by 1
Improved Qubit Neural Network Based Computer Aided Detection Model for COVID-19 on Chest Radiographs
Kurdi, W. H. M., Almoussawi, Z. A., Khaleel, B. M., Abdulhussain, Z. N., Al-Attabi, K., & Khalid, R. (2023) · International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications (IICETA) · doi:10.1109/iiceta57613.2023.10351200 · Cited by 1
Kalakech, A., & Ibrahim, T. K. (2023) · IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Engineering Technology (IMCET) · doi:10.1109/imcet59736.2023.10368255 · Cited by 1
Patnaik, V., Subudhi, A. K., & Mohanty, M. (2024) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-023-02467-9 · Cited by 1
FiltDeepNet: Architecture for COVID Detection based on Chest X-Ray Images
Selvi, S. S., Agarwal, N., Barkur, P., Mishra, Y., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Signals and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47942-7_34 · Cited by 1
Hybrid PSO-Naive Bayes Algorithm Based COVID-19 Prediction Model
Abu-Samaha, A. M., & Yousef, M. (2024) · International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR) · doi:10.1109/iccr61006.2024.10532987 · Cited by 1
Tongue Image Analysis Using CNN Method to Identify Health Disorders
Nugroho, B., Puspaningrum, E. Y., Via, Y. V., Maulana, H., K., D., Mandyartha, E. P., & Akbar, F. A. (2025) · Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings · doi:10.11594/nstp.2025.4743 · Cited by 1
The Classification of Covid-19 cases through the Employment of Transfer Learning on X-ray images
Hakimi, N. A., Razman, M. A. M., & Majeed, A. P. P. A. (2021) · Mekatronika · doi:10.15282/mekatronika.v3i1.7151 · Cited by 1
Classification of COVID-19 Cases from X-Ray Images Based on a Modified VGG-16 Model
Kareem, O. S., & Al-Sulaifanie, A. K. (2022) · Traitement du signal · doi:10.18280/ts.390126 · Cited by 1
Analysis of Fifteen Approaches to Automated COVID-19 Detection Using Radiography Images
Soni, K., Kirtivasan, A., Ranjan, R., & Goyal, S. R. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0840-8_2 · Cited by 1
Deep convolution classification model-based COVID-19 chest CT image classification
Sujatha, R., & Chatterjee, J. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19413-9.00022-9 · Cited by 1
MobileCaps: A Lightweight Model for Screening and Severity Analysis of COVID-19 Chest X-Ray ImagesPreprint
Pawan, S. J., Sankar, R., Prabhudev, A. M., Mahesh, P. A., Prakashini, K., Das, S. K., & Rajan, J. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.08775 · Cited by 3
COVID-19 Detection using Image Modality: A Review
Kukreja, P., & Gupta, D. (2021) · International Conference on Secure Cyber Computing and Communications (ICSCCC) · doi:10.1109/icsccc51823.2021.9478135
Deep Learning Models Evolution Applied to Biomedical Engineering
Garza-Ulloa, J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820718-5.00012-x
Parameter Optimization for CNN-LSTM by Using Uniform Experimental Design
Yen, C.-H., Chou, F.-I., Liao, Y., Yang, P.-Y., & Chou, J. (2021) · International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS) · doi:10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651087
Detection of COVID-19 from X-Ray Images. (c2021)
Kandalaft, J. (2021) · doi:10.26756/th.2022.247
Kandalaft, J., Germanos, M., & Azar, D. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4088408
Analysis Of Covid-19 Using Chest X-Ray Images: An AI Based Prospective
Kohli, H., & Bansal, A. (2022) · International Conference on Computation, Automation and Knowledge Management (ICCAKM) · doi:10.1109/iccakm54721.2022.9990290
Covid-19 Detection Using CNN Model with CT Scan Images
Akhilesh, G. L. S., Lokesh, K., Teja, D. V. P. M., Sai, P. J., Tumuluru, P., & Raju, S. H. (2023) · International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI) · doi:10.1109/iccci56745.2023.10128444
Randomized Ensemble Approach with ID3 Algorithm For the Prediction datasets with Imbalance Problem
Sasirekha, R., & Kanisha, B. (2023) · International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication · doi:10.17762/ijritcc.v11i4.6447
Saygılı, A. (2023) · Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.35377/saucis...1309970
Deep learning for COVID-19 by X-ray images Analysis and Designing Diagnostic Application
Khaleel, T., & Kalakech, A. (2023) · Tikrit Journal of Pure Science · doi:10.25130/tjps.v28i4.1398
Naresh, P. V., & Visalakshi, R. (2023) · International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research · doi:10.37391/ijeer.110324
Rani, D. L. A., Anishiya, P., & Perumal, T. P. (2023) · Indian Journal of Science and Technology · doi:10.17485/ijst/v16i38.1888
Jhansi, B., & Ramesh, M. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0179105
Kakulapati, V., & Jayanthiladevi, A. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5997-6_21
Mudaser, M., Krathu, W., & Jaiyen, S. (2023) · International Computer Science and Engineering Conference · doi:10.1109/icsec59635.2023.10329679
The Effect of Basic Fusion Techniques in Deep Ensemble Learning-Based Models For Covid-19 Diagnosis
Daşdemir, Y., & ARDUÇ, H. (2023) · Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.47495/okufbed.1220413
Nugroho, B. S., & Yuniarti, A. (2023) · IEEE Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS) · doi:10.1109/itis59651.2023.10420082
Ghani, S. A. D., Intan, I., & Rizal, M. (2023) · ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah · doi:10.33096/ilkom.v15i3.1780.488-497
Analysis of Computational Intelligence Techniques for COVID-19 Prediction
Kalra, V., Khanna, M., Bansal, A., Sharma, U., Ahuja, P., Gupta, O. P., & Tuli, S. (2023) · International Conference on Advances in Computation, Communication and Information Technology (ICAICCIT) · doi:10.1109/icaiccit60255.2023.10465833
Sustainable Artificial Intelligence: Assessing Performance in Detecting Fake Images
Alrusaini, O. A. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2024.0150493
DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF COVID-19 USING GRAY-LEVEL FEATURES AND ENSEMBLE CLASSIFIER
Patnaik, V., Mohanty, M., & Subudhi, A. K. (2024) · Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications · doi:10.4015/s101623722450025x
Yaqoub, K. Y., & Abdulazeez, A. M. (2024) · JISA(Jurnal Informatika dan Sains) · doi:10.31326/jisa.v7i1.2024
Rachman, R. R., Dewang, S., Ilyas, S. D. A., & Juarlin, E. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0171488
Detection of COVID-19 from CT Scan Images Using Convolution Neural Network
Aruna, S., Maheswari, M., Saranya, A., Pandey, S., & Gupta, M. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68908-6_18
Automatic Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Based on VIT
Khate, K., & Neelima, A. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82603-0_2
Kakati, A., Bhattacharjya, U., Medhi, J. P., & Sarma, K. K. (2025) · Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/s13721-025-00549-7
Xue, Y., Xu, R., & Zheng, X. (2025) · International Conference on New Trends in Computational Intelligence (NTCI) · doi:10.1109/ntci67886.2025.11308165
Ouchicha, C. (2026) · WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems archive · doi:10.37394/23201.2026.25.7
Metadata
- Authors
- Abraham, B., & Nair, M. S.
- Venue
- Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1436-1445
- ISSN
- 0208-5216 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7467028
- OpenAlex
- W3082245570
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 18.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Biomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Keywords
- COVID-19 detection, chest X-ray images, computer-aided diagnosis, pre-trained convolutional neural networks, correlation-based feature selection, feature extraction, automated disease diagnosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review