CD4+ T cell-mediated neuroprotection is independent of T cell-derived BDNF in a mouse facial nerve axotomy model
Open accessAbstract
Background The production of neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, has generally been considered an important mechanism of immune-mediated neuroprotection. However, the ability of T cells to produce BDNF remains controversial. Methods In the present study, we examined mRNA and protein of BDNF using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively, in purified and reactivated CD4(+) T cells. In addition, to determine the role of BDNF derived from CD4(+) T cells, the BDNF gene was specifically deleted in T cells using the Cre-lox mouse model system. Results Our results indicate that while both mRNA expression and protein secretion of BDNF in reactivated T cells were detected at 24 h, only protein could be detected at 72 h after reactivation. The results suggest a transient up-regulation of BDNF mRNA in reactivated T cells. Furthermore, in contrast to our hypothesis that the BDNF expression is necessary for CD4(+) T cells to mediate neuroprotection, mice with CD4(+) T cells lacking BDNF expression demonstrated a similar level of facial motoneuron survival compared to their littermates that expressed BDNF, and both levels were comparable to wild-type. The results suggest that the deletion of BDNF did not impair CD4(+) T cell-mediated neuroprotection. Conclusion Collectively, while CD4(+) T cells are a potential source of BDNF after nerve injury, production of BDNF is not necessary for CD4(+) T cells to mediate their neuroprotective effects.
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Semax affected dendritic cells in rat cerebral hemisphere ischemia-damaged tissues.
“In addition, Semax affected DCs, the presence of which in rat cerebral hemisphere ischemia-damaged tissues had been reported by other researchers [14].”
From The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
The citation is attached to the reported presence of dendritic cells in ischemia-damaged rat cerebral tissue, rather than to Semax’s effect. The Introduction and Materials and Methods passages concern CD4+ T cells in a mouse facial nerve axotomy model; searches for dendritic cells, rat cerebral ischemia, and Semax found no passage addressing the cited point. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Xin, J., Mesnard, N. A., Beahrs, T., Wainwright, D. A., Serpe, C. J., Alexander, T. D., Sanders, V. M., & Jones, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Loyola University Medical Center (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xin, Junping
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 886-890
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3384748
- OpenAlex
- W2036691044
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS40433)
- Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA202906)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- CD4+ T cells, neuroprotection, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve injury, facial nerve axotomy, facial motoneurons, T cell reactivation, Cre-loxP conditional knockout, neurotrophic factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Count, Cell Survival, Female, Flow Cytometry, Motor Neurons, RNA, Blotting, Western, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Mice, Knockout, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Axotomy, Facial Nerve Injuries, Mice, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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