Training status and sex influence on senescent T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to acute maximal exercise
Abstract
Purpose Investigate training status and sex effects on the redistribution of senescent and naïve T-lymphocytes following acute exercise.Methods Sixteen (8 male, 8 female) trained (18.3±1.7yr) soccer players (Tr) and sixteen (8 male, 8 female) untrained (19.3±2.0yr) controls (UTr) performed a treadmill running test to volitional exhaustion. Blood lymphocytes were isolated before (Pre), immediately post, and 1-h post-exercise for assessment of cell surface expression of CD28 and CD57 on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subsets. Plasma was used to determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus.Results Exercise elicited a redistribution of T-lymphocyte subsets. Senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes increased by 42.4% and 45.9% respectively, while naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes decreased by 8.7% and 22.5% respectively in response to exercise. A main effect (P<0.05) of training status was observed for senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes: UTr had a higher proportion of senescent and a lower proportion of naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes than Tr. A main effect (P<0.05) of sex was observed in senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD4(+), CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. Males had a higher proportion of senescent and lower proportion of naïve T-lymphocytes than females. A sex-by-training status interaction (P<0.05) was observed for the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (but not CD8(+)) with the highest percentage of senescent and lowest percentage of naïve T-lymphocytes observed in UTr males. CMV exerted a significant main covariate effect (P<0.05) in the senescent and naïve (P<0.05) CD8(+) T-lymphocytes but not in the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes.Conclusion This study highlights important sex and training status differences in the senescent and naïve T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to exercise that warrants further investigation.
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In active individuals or those exposed to moderate-to-high volumes of exercise over a short period, exercise likely exerts an anti-immunosenescence effect in a dose-dependent manner until a certain threshold.
“When examining individuals described as being active or those who have been exposed to moderate-to-high volumes of exercise over a short period of the lifespan (e.g., young adults), it is likely that exercise exerts an anti-immunosenescence effect in a dose-dependent manner until a certain threshold (Brown et al. 2014; Spielmann et al. 2011).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2014
Untrained individuals exhibited the highest proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ late-stage differentiated cells and the lowest proportions of CD8+ naive cells.
“Supporting an anti-immunosenescence effect of exercise, untrained individuals exhibited the highest proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ late-stage differentiated cells, and the lowest proportions of CD8+ naïve cells (Brown et al. 2014).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2014
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References 44 · Cited by 42
- Authors
- Brown, F. F., Bigley, A. B., Sherry, C., Neal, C. M., Witard, O. C., Simpson, R. J., & Galloway, S. D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Galloway, Stuart D.R.
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 39
- Pages
- 152-159
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038300863
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- naive T cells, acute exercise, exercise immunology, training status, sex differences, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD57, CD28, CMV serostatus, soccer players, lymphocyte redistribution, immunosenescence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Exercise, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cellular Senescence, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Young Adult, Athletes
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