Maternal infection during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by (393)

Items 301–393 of 393

1. Maternal Immune Activation and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Complex Interactions and Therapeutic Possibilities
   Geir Bjørklund, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Afaf K El-Ansary · 2024 · International journal for autism challenges & solution.
2. SARS-CoV-2 and Offspring Neurodevelopment—We Don’t Know Yet
   Andrea G. Edlow · 2024 · JAMA Network Open
3. From womb to world: The interplay between maternal immune activation, neuroglia, and neurodevelopment
   Daniele Mattei, Dilansu Güneykaya, Bilge Ugursu, Alice Buonfiglioli · 2025 · Handbook of clinical neurology
4. Effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on offspring mental health: A focus on the role of the immune system
   Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Samantha L. Baglot, Tallan Black, Esther Y. Choi, Lani Cupo, Colby Sandberg, Léa Siron, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Matthew N. Hill, John G. Howland et al. · 2025 · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
5. Perinatal hyperandrogenization and immune activation in rodents model subtypes of autism
   Francine F. Burke, Alison M. Randell, Kerri M. Sparkes, Stephanie Salia, Meagan Hinks, Yellow H. Martin, Zachary R. Porter, Claire Hynes, Alexandre S Maekawa, John G. Sled et al. · 2026 · Translational Psychiatry
6. Maternal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alters synaptic maturation and social behaviors in offspring
   Hinako Kirikae, Karina Kimura, Jinghang Fu, Zhengkang Sun, Hongbo Wang, Haruka SHIBUYA, Yoshiyuki Kasahara, Hirofumi Miyazaki, Yui Yamamoto, Mai Sakai et al. · 2026 · Brain Behavior and Immunity
7. Vagus nerve stimulation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for maternal immune activation-induced alterations in offspring microglia and neurodevelopment
   Makenna Gargus, Linnea Poyhia, Joseph P. Errico, M. Karen Newell Rogers, Marie‐Ève Tremblay · 2026 · Frontiers in Neuroscience
8. Contribution of neuroinflammation, resolution, and neuroprotection in neuropsychiatric diseases
   A. A. Farooqui · 2021 · Elsevier eBooks
9. Abnormal mTOR Signaling Pathway Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospects of Mechanism-Based Therapy
   Ekaterina A. Trifonova, Анастасия Анатольевна Котлярова, Alex V. Kochetov · 2023 · Molecular Biology
10. Investigating low birth weight and preterm birth as potential mediators in the relationship between prenatal infections and early child development: a linked administrative health data analysis
    Iain Hardie, Aja Louise Murray, Josiah P. J. King, Hildigunnar Anna Hall, Kenneth Okelo, Emily Luedecke, Louise Marryat, Lucy C Thompson, Helen Minnis, Michael Vincent Lombardo et al. · 2024 · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
11. Protective Effects of Luteolin on a Rat Model of Autism: An Analysis of Luteolin Flavonoid’s Effects on Rat Behaviour, Histology and Cerebellar Pathology
    Khlood Mohammed Mehdar, Saad Misfer Alqahtani · 2024 · International Journal of Pharmacology
12. An ace in the hole? Opportunities and limits of using mice to understand schizophrenia neurobiology
    Joseph M. Villarin, Christoph Kellendonk · 2025 · Molecular Psychiatry
13. Maternal risk factors vary between subpopulations of children with autism spectrum disorder
    Genevieve Grivas, Richard E. Frye, Juergen Hahn · 2022 · Autism Research
14. Stem cell derived neurosphere assay highlights the effects of infection on human cortical development
    Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie L. Holden, Thomas Johnson, James M. Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi · 2022 · Research Square
15. Análise comparativa dos antecedentes pessoais e familiares dos pacientes autistas
    João Pedro Paes Gomes, Júlia Floriano da Costa, José Alfredo dos Santos Júnior, Dieggo Jefferson Silva Melo · 2023 · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde
16. Autism
    Hymie Anisman, Shawn P. Hayley, Alexander W. Kusnecov · 2024 · Elsevier eBooks
17. Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Two Different Maternal Exposure Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
    Qiang Zhang, Xuying Pang, Min Guo, Yuezhu Wang, Yu Xu, Quan Li, Huajun Zheng · 2025 · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY
18. Antenatal Factors Influencing Fetal Neurodevelopment
    Anupriya Gogne · 2025 · Springer eBooks
19. PROTOCOL: Association of Antenatal Cytokine Concentrations With Neurodevelopmental Disorders of the Offspring: A Scoping Review
    Imasha Upulini Jayasinghe, Hannah F Jones, E. Scott Graham, Kyle S. Eggleton, Russell Clive Dale, Jane Marie Alsweiler · 2025 · Campbell Systematic Reviews
20. TREM2 Downregulation Disrupts Microglial Function and Synaptic Pruning Through RA/RARα Signaling: Mechanisms Underlying Autism‐Like Behaviors
    Min Lü, Kexin Bai, Yali Bai, Yuan Miao, Tingjiao Zhao, Yi Yang, Jie Chen, Ting Yang, Tingyu Li, Hua Wei · 2025 · Pediatric Discovery
21. Prebiotic Treatment During Pregnancy Prevents Social Deficits Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder-like Behavior Induced by Maternal Immune Activation
    Frederico Rogério Ferreira, Guilherme Araujo Rouvier, Lucas Hassib, Raphael de Andrade Morraye, Yago Soares Pereira da Silva, Luís Fernando Saldanha da Gama, Iuri Souza Pereira, Angélica de Oliveira Gomes, Maria Julia Granero Rosa, Ana Carolina de Morais-Scussel et al. · 2025 · Microorganisms
22. Mild pediatric traumatic brain injury has sex-specific effects on neuroimmune cells and social behavior in rats
    Michaela R. Breach, Brooke Schatz, Habib E. Akouri, Zoe M. Tapp, Alejandra Zaleta Lastra, Alexander E. Weinstein, Minna Mohamed, Ashley E. Walters, Reem Mohamed, Olimjon Toirov et al. · 2026 · Scientific Reports
23. Microglia, cerebellar inflammation, and autism spectrum disorders: Developmental mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
    Martina Schiano-Visconte, Luigi Balasco, Simona Casarosa, Yuri Bozzi · 2026 · Neuroscience
24. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Integrating Genetic and Environmental Risk
    Satoshi Kamijo, Hideki Miwa, Kazutaka Ikeda · 2026 · Cells
25. Maternal Influenza Infection During Pregnancy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Offspring
    Jaehyun Kong, Seohyun Hong, Hyesu Jo, Jaeyu Park, Kyeongeun Kim, Dongjin Yeo, Hyunjee Kim, Tae Hyeon Kim, José Francisco López‐Gil, Hanseul Cho et al. · 2026 · JAMA Network Open
26. Gastrointestinal Disturbances in Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Lena Gottesman-Katz, Jonathan D. Miller, Kara Gross Margolis · 2022 · Springer eBooks
27. Assessment of a multisite standardized biospecimen collection protocol for immune phenotyping in neurodevelopmental disorders
    Shane R. Cleary, Grace Teskey, Craig Mathews, Russell J. Sachachar, Rob Nicolson, Rosanna Weksberg, Evdokia A. Anagnostou, Dawn M. E. Bowdish, Jane Allyson Foster · 2023 · Scientific Reports
28. [Research advances in the role of mTOR signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder].
    Guoxia Sheng, Kewen Jiang · 2019 · PubMed Central
29. Could Maternal COVID-19 Disease be a Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Child?
    Bülent Kara · 2021 · Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
30. Febrile Coronavirus and Autism
    Steinman Gary, Mankuta David · 2021 · Journal of Pediatric Neurology and Neuroscience
31. Acute rapamycin treatment reveals novel mechanisms of behavioral, physiological, and functional dysfunction in a maternal inflammation mouse model of autism and sensory over-responsivity
    Janel E. Le Belle, Michael C. Condro, Carlos Cepeda, Katerina D. Oikonomou, Kaleab K. Tessema, L Dudley, J Schoenfield, Riki Kawaguchi, Daniel H. Geschwind, Alcino J. Silva et al. · 2024 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
32. Unveiling Hidden Risks: Prenatal and Demographic Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Aikaterini E. Sousamli, Elena Dragioti, Dimitra Metallinou, Aikaterini Lykeridou, Panagiota D. Dourou, Chrysoula Rozalia Athanasiadou, Dimitrios Anagnostopoulos, Antigoni Sarantaki · 2024 · Preprints.org
33. Modeling Prenatal Immune Activation in Human Brain Organoids Uncovers IL-6–Dependent Interneuron Dysmaturation
    Ava V. Papetti, Ziyuan Ma, Michelle Ng, Mengmeng Jin, Steven W. Levison, Peng Jiang · 2026 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
34. Re: Maternal infection during pregnancy, risk of offspring autism, and the role of bacterial denitrification
    Hai‐yin Jiang, Kai Zhou, Bing Ruan · 2016 · Brain Behavior and Immunity
35. On Neuroimmunology and Brain Function: Experimental and Clinical Studies
    Nina Strenn · 2019 · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
36. Interpretation of the Environmental Impact on Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Fengyu Zhang, Claude L. Hughes · 2019 · Global Clinical and Translational Research
37. Activación inmune durante el embarazo y riesgo de Trastorno del Espectro Autista
    Carolina Heresi Venegas · 2019 · Revista chilena de pediatría
38. Sex and Age Influence in The Effects of Perinatal Immune Activation in Animals
    Danielle S. Macêdo, Manuel Alves Santos Júnior, Aline Santos Monte, Germana Silva Vasconcelos, Tatiane da Silva Araújo, Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos · 2020 · Progress in inflammation research
39. The Impact of Impaired Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity on Mouse Brain Development: A Focus on Sex Differences
    Keenan Sterling · 2020 · York University Digital Library (York University)
40. Prenatal maternal infections and children's socioemotional outcomes
    Hildigunnur Anna Hall, Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Aja Louise Murray, Bonnie Auyeung B · 2020
41. Associations between prenatal maternal infections and children’s socioemotional outcomes: Evidence from the ALSPAC cohort
    Hildigunnur Anna Hall, Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Michael Vincent Lombardo, Aja Louise Murray, Bonnie Auyeung B · 2020
42. Is Autism Spectrum Disorder Related to Immune Dysfunction(s)?
    Florian Lejuste, Ryad Tamouza, Marion Leboyer · 2021 · Springer eBooks
43. Perinatal Inflammation Disturbs Secondary Germinal Zone Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis Producing Deficits in Sociability
    Fernando Janczur Velloso, Anna Wadhwa, Ekta Kumari, Ioana Carcea, Ozlem Bozdagi-Gunal, Steven W. Levison · 2021 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
44. Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Novel Paradigm Proposed in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated Social Behavioral Symptoms in Two Rodent Models
    Kitti Mintál, Attila Tóth, Edina Hormay, Anita Kovács, Kristóf László, Anita Bufa, Tamás Marosvölgyi, Béla Kocsis, Adorján Varga, Zoltán Vizvári et al. · 2022 · Research Square
45. Autistic spectrum disorders: genetic and epigenetic aspects (review of modern foreign publications)
    O. Lanovenko · 2021 · Visnyk of Lviv University Biological series
46. Associação entre infecção materna durante a gestação e a ocorrência de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH): uma revisão sistemática
    José William Araújo do Nascimento, Delziane Francisca Ribeiro Nascimento, Josafá Silva de Araújo, Amanda da Costa Marques Ferreira, Maria da Conceição Nascimento Gomes, Gerson Waltrudes da Silva Neto, Cintia Raquel Martins da Cunha, Ana Sofia Lopes dos Santos, Karoline Pedrozo Maciel, Girlâyne Fragoso Alves da Silva · 2022 · Research Society and Development
47. Prenatal maternal infections and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: Findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort
    Hildigunnur Anna Hall, Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Michael Vincent Lombardo, Aja Louise Murray, Bonnie Auyeung B · 2020
48. Could neutrophil extracellular traps drive the development of autism?
    Michal Pastorek, Diana Drobná, Peter Celec · 2022 · Medical Hypotheses
49. Abnormal mTOR Signaling Pathway Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospects of Mechanism-Based Therapy
    Ekaterina A. Trifonova, Анастасия Анатольевна Котлярова, Alex V. Kochetov · 2023 · Molecular Biology
50. Response: Maternal infection, prenatal antibiotics and risk of autism in the offspring
    Amanda S. Nitschke, Tim F. Oberlander, Gillian E. Hanley · 2023 · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
51. Pharmacotherapeutic effects of cannabidiol in autism spectrum disorders
    Michael Parkhill · 2023
52. Расстройства аутистического спектра: в поисках призмы для разделения на отдельные подтипы, "Природа"
    Ekaterina A. Trifonova, Anna A. Pashchenko, Sergey Alexandrovich Lashin · 2023 · Priroda
53. ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКУ РОЗВИТКУ РОЗЛАДІВ АУТИСТИЧНОГО СПЕКТРУ
    Ольга Володимирівна Денефіль, Вікторія Балк · 2024 · Перспективи та інновації науки
54. Translational study on the role of genetic and prenatal risk factors in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders
    Anna Y. Yotova · 2024
55. Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring of Maternal asthma occurrence, and exacerbations during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study
    Yi-Feng Ho, Chiao-Fan Lin, Vincent Chin‐Hung Chen, Yi‐Lung Chen, Tsai‐Ching Hsu · 2024 · Research Square
56. Genomic Risk for Schizophrenia, the Early Life Environment, and the Room Left for Developmental Epigenetic Plasticity
    Jiyoung Kim, Laura Anne Wortinger, Bonna J. Sheehan, Sreya Mukherjee, Jisu Ha, Giovanna Punzi, Gianluca Ursini · 2024 · Springer eBooks
57. Well controlled maternal inflammatory bowel disease does not increase the risk of abnormal neurocognitive outcome screening in offspring
    Ralley Prentice, Rod W. Hunt, Alicia Jane Spittle, Michael R. Ditchfield, Jeff Chen, Megan Burns, Emma K Flanagan, E Wright, Alyson L Ross, Rimma Goldberg et al. · 2024 · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health
58. References
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59. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Serotonin Model
    Janak R. Awasthi, Toru Takumi, Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu · 2024 · Interdisciplinary biotechnological advances
60. Autism spectrum disorder
    Scott M. Myers, Thomas D. Challman · 2024 · Elsevier eBooks
61. Նախածննդյան իմուն-կախյալ կենսացուցիչների հնարավոր ախտածին ազդեցությունը աուտիզմի սպեկտրի խանգարումների զարգացման վրա
    Զ.Մ. Մկրտչյան · 2024 · The journal of the International Association of Medical Science Educators : JIAMSE
62. Developmental outcome of babies born to mother infected with Coronavirus-19 during pregnancy
    Anil Raj Ojha, Bikalpa Bartaula · 2024 · Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
63. Maternal immune activation alters bout structure of rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations
    Kieran Jack Scott, Lucinda J. Speers, David K. Bilkey · 2025 · Behavioural Brain Research
64. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    Sanaz Yasrebinia, Raziyeh Ghorbanzadeh, Brandon Peter Lucke-Wold, Rebecca Zelmanovich, Arshin Ghaedi, Sahar Sanjarian, Peyman Mokarian, Shokoufeh Khanzadeh · 2025 · Research in Autism
65. Lcn2 deficiency leads to social impairments independent of maternal immune activation
    Martyna Pękała, Sylwia Zawiślak, Sandra Romanis, Karolina Nader, Aleksandra Cabaj, Anna Madecka, Alicja Puścian, Ewelina Knapska, Robert Pawlak, Leszek Kaczmarek et al. · 2025 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
66. Grandmother's pregnancy complications and autism spectrum disorders in grandchildren, a California multigenerational cohort study
    Ting Chow, Qi Meng, Jingyuan Xiao, Karl O’Sharkey, Zeyan Liew, Beate R. Ritz · 2025 · JCPP Advances
67. As an OB-GYN, I see firsthand how misleading statements on acetaminophen leave expectant parents confused, fearful and lacking in options
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68. Additional file 2 of Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
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69. Additional file 1 of Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
    Sally M. Stoyell, Jed T. Elison, Emily Graupmann, Neely C. Miller, Jessica Emerick, Ramey, Elizabeth, K.E. Sandness, Mark R. Schleiss, Erin A. Osterholm · 2024 · Figshare
70. Additional file 1 of Impact of maternal immune activation and sex on placental and fetal brain cytokine and gene expression profiles in a preclinical model of neurodevelopmental disorders
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71. Additional file 4 of Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
    Sally M. Stoyell, Jed T. Elison, Emily Graupmann, Neely C. Miller, Jessica Emerick, Ramey, Elizabeth, K.E. Sandness, Mark R. Schleiss, Erin A. Osterholm · 2024 · Figshare
72. Additional file 2 of Impact of maternal immune activation and sex on placental and fetal brain cytokine and gene expression profiles in a preclinical model of neurodevelopmental disorders
    Hadley Osman, Moreno, Rachel, Destanie R. Rose, Rowland, Megan E., Ciernia, Annie Vogel, Paul Ashwood · 2024 · Figshare
73. Additional file 4 of Impact of maternal immune activation and sex on placental and fetal brain cytokine and gene expression profiles in a preclinical model of neurodevelopmental disorders
    Hadley Osman, Moreno, Rachel, Destanie R. Rose, Rowland, Megan E., Ciernia, Annie Vogel, Paul Ashwood · 2024 · Figshare
74. Additional file 3 of Neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection at 12-months
    Sally M. Stoyell, Jed T. Elison, Emily Graupmann, Neely C. Miller, Jessica Emerick, Ramey, Elizabeth, K.E. Sandness, Mark R. Schleiss, Erin A. Osterholm · 2024 · Figshare
75. Additional file 3 of Impact of maternal immune activation and sex on placental and fetal brain cytokine and gene expression profiles in a preclinical model of neurodevelopmental disorders
    Hadley Osman, Moreno, Rachel, Destanie R. Rose, Rowland, Megan E., Ciernia, Annie Vogel, Paul Ashwood · 2024 · Figshare
76. Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 3 Months in Infants at Risk for Congenital Infections: A Cohort Study
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77. Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A National Cohort Study
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78. Lcn2 deficiency leads to long-lasting social impairments independent of maternal immune activation
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79. Maternal Immune Activation Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and a Social Deficit in Offspring That Is Reversed by Nicotinamide Riboside
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80. Autism outcomes and neurobehavioural markers in young children born to mothers with HIV in Kenya: a protocol for the Alama project
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81. The regulatory role of cytokines on neurodevelopment and behaviour during the early postnatal period : An investigation on the impact of TNF on mouse behaviour in the early postnatal period and a novel approach of data analysis applied to the immune activation mouse model of autism
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82. Impact de l'inflammation périnatale sur le cerveau en développement : de la dimension neurodéveloppementale à l'échelle endothéliale
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83. Etude du rôle de CHD8 dans les troubles gastro-intestinaux associés aux troubles du spectre autistique
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84. Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Maternal Abuse and Trauma History
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85. Early IL17A blockade following maternal immune activation prevents behavioral abnormalities, hippocampal synaptic changes and neuroinflammation in male and female offspring
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87. Maternal pathways linking sociocognitive resources and immune balance to infant neurodevelopment: from cytokines to education
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88. Effects of maternal autoantibody exposure at the cellular level: implications for the developing brain
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89. Associations between chronic placental inflammation, fetal brain development and later autism traits
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90. Metabolic Dysregulation and Metabolite-Targeted Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives
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92. A Retrospective Analysis of Perinatal and Early Childhood Risk Factors in a Chinese Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort
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93. Prenatal genomics and autism: detectable susceptibility without validated individual-level prediction
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