Cited by 316Psychedelics and Drug StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorHallucinations in medical conditions

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Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens

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Halberstadt, Adam L.·2015·Behavioural Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016PMC PMC4642895

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Abstract

Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and mescaline, are somewhat enigmatic substances. Although these drugs are derived from multiple chemical families, they all produce remarkably similar effects in animals and humans, and they show cross-tolerance. This article reviews the evidence demonstrating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is the primary site of hallucinogen action. The 5-HT2A receptor is responsible for mediating the effects of hallucinogens in human subjects, as well as in animal behavioral paradigms such as drug discrimination, head twitch response, prepulse inhibition of startle, exploratory behavior, and interval timing. Many recent clinical trials have yielded important new findings regarding the psychopharmacology of these substances. Furthermore, the use of modern imaging and electrophysiological techniques is beginning to help unravel how hallucinogens work in the brain. Evidence is also emerging that hallucinogens may possess therapeutic efficacy.

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“0001], and a significant time × treatment interaction [F(35,336) = 13.”
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Background
Automated Computer Software Assessment of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor-Mediated Head Twitch Responses from Video Recordings of Mice
Glatfelter, G. C., Chojnacki, M. R., McGriff, S. A., Wang, T., & Baumann, M. H. (2022) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00237 · Cited by 18
Synthetic surprise as the foundation of the psychedelic experience
Filippo, R. D., & Schmitz, D. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105538 · Cited by 16
“Moreover, the “ head twitch response ” in rodents, a behavioral proxy for the effect of psychedelics (Halberstadt et al., 2020), was shown to rely on 5-HT 2A R (Halberstadt, 2015; Keiser et al., 2009; Gonz ´ alez-Maeso et al., 2007).”
Background
An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon
Dolengevich-Segal, H., Madrid., F. P., Rodríguez-Salgado, B., Gómez-Arnau, J., & Sánchez-Mateos, D. (2017) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2017.010 · Cited by 16
“, 2015), inhibition capacity for MAO (Fisar, 2010) or agonism for the 5-HT2A receptor (Halberstadt, 2015; Yip & Dart, 2014), which contributes to the development of psychotic symptomatology and serotonin syndrome (Boyer & Shannon, 2005).”
Background
Analytical characterization of seventeen ring-substituted N,N-diallyltryptamines
Brandt, S. D., Kavanagh, P., Dowling, G., Talbot, B., Westphal, F., Meyer, M., Maurer, H., & Halberstadt, A. (2016) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.1974 · Cited by 13
“[5,75-81] Anecdotal reports suggest that 5-MeO-DALT (7) might provide relief from cluster headaches.”
Self-citation
Serotonin revisited
Müller, C. P., & Homberg, J. R. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.008 · Cited by 16
Effectiveness of Psilocybin on Depression: A Qualitative Study
Alshaikhli, H., Al-Naggar, R. A., & Erlam, G. D. (2021) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/10862 · Cited by 21
“Psilocybin is a structurally diverse group of compounds known as 5-HT2A agonists producing positive effects in emotions, perceptions, and thoughts [5, 6].”
Background
Metabolomics and integrated network analysis reveal roles of endocannabinoids and large neutral amino acid balance in the ayahuasca experience
Madrid-Gambín, F., Gomez‐Gómez, À., Busquets-García, A., Haro, N., Marco, S., Mason, N. L., Reckweg, J. T., Mallaroni, P., Kloft, L., van Oorsouw, K. I. M., et al. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112845 · Cited by 17
“In addition, agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, which are a direct target of DMT, may modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission [41], leading to anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and enhancements of neuroplasticity [2,9,26,77].”
Background
Psilocybin for Depression: From Credibility to Feasibility, What’s Missing?
Munafò, A., Arillotta, D., Mannaioni, G., Schifano, F., Bernardini, R., & Cantarella, G. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16010068 · Cited by 15
“The current wave of psychedelic research has primarily involved psilocybin [2], a molecule that elicited the greatest interest due to its fast-acting properties [3] as well as its apparent safety profile [4] and low potential for abuse [5].”
Background
How to account for hallucinations in the interpretation of the antidepressant effects of psychedelics: a translational framework
van den Berg, M., Magaraggia, I., Schreiber, R., Hillhouse, T. M., & Porter, J. H. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06106-8 · Cited by 13
“The authors concluded that “the HTR assay also appears to show significant predictive validity, confirming its translational relevance for predicting subjective potency of hallucinogens in humans” (Halberstadt 2015; Halberstadt et al.”
Background
Atypically high influence of subcortical activity on primary sensory regions in autism
Lorenzini, L., van Wingen, G. A., & Cerliani, L. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102839 · Cited by 15
“…upon administration of lysergic acid diethylamide (Preller et al., 2019); (2) the same substance results in a reduction of prepulse inhibition (Halberstadt 2015), a measure of sensorimotor gating, which as previously mentioned (section 4.1) is impaired in autism and schizophrenia (Madsen et…”
BackgroundInfluential
Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P‐AL‐LAD
Brandt, S. D., Kavanagh, P., Westphal, F., Pulver, B., Schwelm, H., Whitelock, K., Stratford, A., Auwärter, V., & Halberstadt, A. (2022) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.3281 · Cited by 10
“The 5-HT2A receptor is the primary target for LSD and other psychedelic drugs in the brain.(40,41) In mice, psychedelic drugs induce a F IGURE 4 Extracted ion chromatograms using the protonated molecules of 1P-ALLAD and its metabolites monitored by HPLC-ESI-QTOFMS.”
MethodSelf-citation
G protein-coupled receptors as targets for transformative neuropsychiatric therapeutics
Schmitz, G. P., & Roth, B. L. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00397.2022 · Cited by 13
Present and future of metabolic and metabolomics studies focused on classical psychedelics in humans
Madrid-Gambín, F., Fabregat‐Safont, D., Gomez‐Gómez, À., Olesti, E., Mason, N. L., Ramaekers, J. G., & Pozo, Ó. J. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115775 · Cited by 14
“Among the current knowledge, the stimulation of 5HT 2A enhances presynaptic glutamatergic transmission in the pre-frontal cortex and affects sensory perception, behavioral regulation, and mood [40].”
The novel non-hallucinogenic compound DM506 (3-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indole) induces sedative- and anxiolytic-like activity in mice by a mechanism involving 5-HT2A receptor activation
Arias, H. R., Rudin, D., Hines, D. J., Contreras, A., Gulsevin, A., Manetti, D., Anouar, Y., Deurwaerdère, P. D., Meiler, J., Romanelli, M. N., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176329 · Cited by 16
“…container, mice (n = 10/condition) were administered DM506 (10, 15, 25, or 40 mg/kg; i.p.) or vehicle, and the head-twitch response was compared to that induced by TCB-2 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and DOI (1 mg/kg, i.p.) (dissolved in water), two agents that induce a head-twitch response (Halberstadt, 2015).”
Influential
Psilocybin as Transformative Fast‐Acting Antidepressant: Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms
Adebo, M., Bonnet, M., Laouej, O., Defaix, C., McGowan, J. C., Butlen‐Ducuing, F., David, D. J. P., Poupon, E., Tritschler, L., & Gardier, A. M. (2025) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.70038 · Cited by 14
“Another possibility could be that PET and fMRI may involve different neurophysiological responses, e.g., activation of 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) by psilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin [90].”
Neurobiology of the Effects of Psilocybin in Relation to Its Potential Therapeutic Targets
Tylš, F., Páleníček, T., & Horáček, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800212-4.00073-x · Cited by 14
From hallucinations to synaesthesia: A circular inference account of unimodal and multimodal erroneous percepts in clinical and drug-induced psychosisPreprint
Leptourgos, P., Bouttier, V., Denève, S., & Jardri, R. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104593 · Cited by 16
Psychedelic Microdosing, Mindfulness, and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study
Hartong, V., & van Emmerik, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2080616 · Cited by 11
“A regular dose of a classical psychedelic can induce alterations in cognition, perception, and emotion (Halberstadt 2015; Nichols 2016), along with mystical experiences (Griffiths et al. 2011; Liechti, Dolder, and Schmid 2017) and ego dissolution (Nour et al. 2016).”
Background
Virtual reality and psychedelics for the treatment of psychiatric disease: A systematic literature review
Gómez-Busto, F. J., & Ortiz, M. I. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200606 · Cited by 12
Neuropsychopharmacology of hallucinogenic and non‐hallucinogenic 5‐HT 2A receptor agonists
Sharp, T., & Ippolito, A. (2025) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70050 · Cited by 14
“This evidence has been recently reviewed (Baker, 2018; Halberstadt, 2015; Halberstadt & Geyer, 2011, 2018; Nichols, 2016) and only some highlights are covered here.”
Diazepine Agonists of the 5-HT2C Receptor with Unprecedented Selectivity: Discovery of Bexicaserin (LP352)
Ren, A., Zhu, X., Lehmann, J., Kasem, M., Schrader, T. O., Dang, H., Le, M., Frazer, J. M., Unett, D. J., Grottick, A. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02923 · Cited by 12
Microdosing psychedelics as cognitive and emotional enhancers.
Rifkin, B. D., Maraver, M. J., & Colzato, L. S. (2020) · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cns0000213 · Cited by 15
Psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment for new drug applications and controlled substance scheduling: A United States perspective
Henningfield, J. E., Ashworth, J., Heal, D. J., & Smith, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221140004 · Cited by 13
“Halberstadt (2015) presented a comprehensive overview of the evidence to demonstrate that 5-HT2A receptors are responsible for the effects of hallucinogens in humans.”
Background
Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural settingPreprint
Prochazkova, L., Lippelt, D. P., Colzato, L. S., Kuchař, M., Sjoerds, Z., & Hommel, B. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/384412 · Cited by 12
Modification of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced hyperactivity by monoamine oxidase A inhibitor harmaline in mice and the underlying serotonergic mechanisms
Jiang, X.-L., Shen, H.-W., & Yu, A.-M. (2016) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2016.01.008 · Cited by 13
Why N,N-dimethyltryptamine matters: unique features and therapeutic potential beyond classical psychedelics
Chaves, C., SANTOS, R. G. D., Dursun, S. M., Tusconi, M., Carta, M. G., Brietzke, E. M., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485337 · Cited by 11
Illusions, Delusions, and Your Backwards Bayesian Brain: A Biased Visual Perspective
Born, R. T., & Bencomo, G. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000514859 · Cited by 12
“Chief among those that seem ripe for investigation is serotonin (5-HT), given the powerful perceptual distortions that are produced by hallucinogenic drugs, most of which are believed to act through 5-HT2A receptors [Nichols, 2004; GonzálezMaeso et al., 2007; Halberstadt, 2015].”
Background
25CN-NBOMe Metabolites in Rat Urine, Human Liver Microsomes and C. elegans—Structure Determination and Synthesis of the Most Abundant Metabolites
Šuláková, A., Nykodemová, J., Palivec, P., Jurok, R., Rimpelová, S., Leonhardt, T., Šíchová, K., Páleníček, T., & Kuchař, M. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11040212 · Cited by 11
Aromatic patterns: Tryptophan aromaticity as a catalyst for the emergence of life and rise of consciousness
Alachkar, A. (2022) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.07.002 · Cited by 13
Identification of 5-HT 2A Receptor Signaling Pathways Responsible for Psychedelic PotentialPreprint
Wallach, J. V., Cao, A. B., Calkins, M. M., Heim, A. J., Lanham, J. K., Bonniwell, E. M., Hennessey, J. J., Bock, H. A., Anderson, E. I., Sherwood, A. M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.29.551106 · Cited by 11
“5-HT 2A R agonists are known to cause receptor downregulation and tolerance or tachyphylaxis 65 .”
Self-citation
Serotonin 2C receptors are also important in head-twitch responses in male mice
Custodio, R. J. P., Ortiz, D. M., Lee, H. J., Sayson, L. V., Buctot, D., Kim, M., Lee, Y. S., Cheong, J. H., Cheong, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2023) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-023-06482-9 · Cited by 16
“…alone or in combination with 5-HT2AR, all these compounds elicit enhanced TPH2-immunoreactivity and 5-HT levels in the brain regions involved in serotonergic activity (Aghajanian and Marek 1999; Beyeler et al. 2021; Fantegrossi et al. 2008; Glennon et al. 1991; Halberstadt 2015; Nichols 2004).”
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C/1A receptors modulate the biphasic dose response of the head twitch response and locomotor activity induced by DOM in mice
Zhu, H., Wang, L., Wang, X., Yao, Y., Zhou, P., & Su, R. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06635-4 · Cited by 10
“The hallucinogen-induced HTR can be blocked by the highly specific 5-HT 2A antagonist M100907 (Halberstadt 2015), which is not observed in the 5-HT 2A knockout mice (Gonzalez-Maeso et al. 2007).”
PET Imaging of the 5-HT2A Receptor System: A Tool to Study the Receptor’s In Vivo Brain Function
Herth, M. M., & Knudsen, G. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70474-6_5 · Cited by 10
5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors as potential targets for the treatment of nicotine use and dependence
Higgins, G. A., & Sellers, E. M. (2021) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.007 · Cited by 10
A Multidisciplinary Hypothesis about Serotonergic Psychedelics. Is it Possible that a Portion of Brain Serotonin Comes From the Gut?
Császár-Nagy, N., Bob, P., & Bókkon, I. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2105148 · Cited by 10
Effects of serotonergic psychedelics on mitochondria: Transdiagnostic implications for mitochondria-related pathologies
Fissler, P., Vandersmissen, A., Filippi, M., Mavioğlu, R. N., Scholkmann, F., Karabatsiakis, A., & Krähenmann, R. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231164707 · Cited by 10
“Nevertheless, serotonergic psychedelics show very diverse interaction patterns with different classes of receptors, including several other 5-HT receptors (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C) (Halberstadt, 2015; Nichols, 2016; Ray, 2010).”
Background
PAM trial protocol: a randomised feasibility study of psychedelic microdosing–assisted meaning-centred psychotherapy in advanced stage cancer patients
Wells, A., Muthukumaraswamy, A. P. S., Morunga, E., Evans, W., Cavadino, A., Bansal, M., Lawrence, N. J., Ashley, A., Hoeh, N. R., Sundram, F., et al. (2024) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01449-9 · Cited by 10
“Classical psychedelics, which include psilocybin (psilocin) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), are a structurally diverse group of compounds that are 5-HT 2A receptor agonists and produce a unique profile of changes in thoughts, perceptions, and emotions [24, 25].”
Background
Kétamine, psilocybine, et antidépresseurs d'action rapide : de nouvelles promesses pour la psychiatrie?
Bottemanne, H., Claret, A., & Fossati, P. (2020) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.006 · Cited by 12
Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa
Rodan, S.-C., Aouad, P., McGregor, I. S., & Maguire, S. (2021) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102102 · Cited by 12
“receptors 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A [19, 21].”
Hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of pharmaceutically potential hallucinogenic metabolites in Myristicaceae, mechanistic convergence and co-evolutionary trends in plants and humans
Barman, R., Bora, P. K., Saikia, J., Konwar, P., Sarkar, A., Kemprai, P., Saikia, S. P., Haldar, S., Slater, R. J., & Banik, D. (2023) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113928 · Cited by 9
Classical psychedelics’ action on brain monoaminergic systems
Butler, J. J., Ricci, D., Aman, C., Beyeler, A., & Deurwaerdère, P. D. (2024) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106669 · Cited by 12
Clinical and preclinical evidence of psilocybin as antidepressant. A narrative review
Erkizia-Santamaría, I., Horrillo, I., Meana, J. J., & Ortega, J. E. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111249 · Cited by 12
“Drug discrimination test is an operant paradigm that assesses interoceptive effects experienced by the animal during the influence of a drug (Halberstadt, 2015).”
Novel mechanisms underlying rapid-acting antidepressants: ketamine-like compounds, neurosteroid GABAkines, and psychedelics
Castanheira, S., Gomes, C. V., Bicker, J., & Fortuna, A. C. (2025) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104371 · Cited by 10
Serotonin and psilocybin activate 5-HT1B receptors to suppress cortical signaling through the claustrum
Madden, M. B., Schaefgen, C., Vedak, B., Kwon, J., Pedra, K. S. D., Sheats, S. H., Puché, A. C., Wolff, S. B. E., & Mathur, B. N. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62980-8 · Cited by 14
Who takes the trip? Personality and hallucinogen use among college students and adolescents
Parnes, J. E., Kentopp, S. D., Conner, B. T., & Rebecca, R. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108263 · Cited by 9
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, Part 1
Hosanagar, A., Cusimano, J. M., & Radhakrishnan, R. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20ac13786 · Cited by 10
Are we hallucinating or can psychedelic drugs modulate the immune system to control inflammation?
Qureshi, O., Cowley, J., Pegg, A., Cooper, A. J., Gordon, J., Brady, C., Belli, A., Butterworth, S., Upthegrove, R., Andrews, N., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70138 · Cited by 11
“…all engage the primary molecular target responsible for psychedelic activity, namely the 5-HT 2A receptor (e.g. Halberstadt et al., 2020; Madsen et al., 2019; Preller et al., 2017; for reviews see Halberstadt, 2015; Sharp & Barnes, 2020), although not all the drugs are 5-HT 2A receptor selective.”
Characterizing the relationship between L-DOPA-induced-dyskinesia and psychosis-like behaviors in a bilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease
Lipari, N., Centner, A., Glinski, J., Cohen, S. R., Manfredsson, F. P., & Bishop, C. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105965 · Cited by 8
“…Berardelli, 2003; Grauer et al., 2014; Kohl et al., 2013; Issy et al., 2015) and is strongly indicative of brainstem, basal ganglia, and cortical dysfunction, making it a valuable assay to explore PDAP (Marek and Aghajanian, 1998; Perriol et al., 2005; Zoetmulder et al., 2014; Halberstadt, 2015).”
Background
Epigenetic drugs and psychedelics as emerging therapies for alcohol use disorder: insights from preclinical studies
Hilal, F. F., Jeanblanc, J., Deschamps, C., Naassïla, M., Pierrefiche, O., & Hamida, S. B. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02757-3 · Cited by 8
“These “classic psychedelics” are commonly recognized as 5-HT 2a receptor agonists, although they also exhibit some affinity for 5-HT 1a , adrenergic, and dopaminergic receptors (Halberstadt and Geyer 2011; Halberstadt 2015; Rickli et al. 2016).”
Effects of exposure to 5-MeO-DIPT during adolescence on brain neurotransmission and neurotoxicity in adult rats
Noworyta, K., Kamińska, K., Rzemieniec, J., Wnuk, A., Wojcieszak, J., Górska, A. M., Kreiner, G., Kajta, M., & Gołembiowska, K. (2018) · Forensic Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s11419-018-0433-x · Cited by 8
The Role of the Serotonergic System in Time Perception: A Systematic Review
Akhmirov, R., Mitiureva, D., Zaichenko, M., Smirnov, K., & Sysoeva, O. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252413305 · Cited by 10
Effects of psychedelics on opioid use disorder: a scoping review of preclinical studies
Pulido-Saavedra, A., Oliva, H. N. P., Prudente, T. P., Kitaneh, R., Nunes, E. J., Fogg, C., Funaro, M. C., Weleff, J., Nia, A. B., & Angarita, G. A. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05519-2 · Cited by 9
Use of the head-twitch response to investigate the structure–activity relationships of 4-thio-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines
Halberstadt, A. L., Luethi, D., Hoener, M. C., Trachsel, D., Brandt, S. D., & Liechti, M. E. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06279-2 · Cited by 8
“1 3 for psychedelic drugs in the brain (Halberstadt 2015; Nichols 2016).”
Self-citation
The Psychedelic N , N -Dipropyltryptamine Prevents Seizures in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome via a Mechanism that Appears Independent of Serotonin and Sigma1 Receptors
Tyagi, R., Saraf, T. S., & Canal, C. E. (2023) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.3c00137 · Cited by 7
Therapeutic Use of Hallucinogens
Wiltenburg, V. D., Prado, D. D. R., & Mendes, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62855-0_35 · Cited by 1

Authors: Halberstadt, A. L.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Halberstadt, Adam L.
ORCID: Halberstadt, Adam L.
Venue: Behavioural Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-01
Volume: 277
Pages: 99-120
ISSN: 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016
PMC: PMC4642895
OpenAlex: W2052466574
Semantic Scholar: 09d1ad0158732c17a145c95ba0ac4f6ed7bdf021
Cited by: 312
References: 462
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 12
FWCI: 3.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NIMH (K01 MH100644)
NIDA (R01 DA002925)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Keywords: serotonergic hallucinogens, 5-HT2A receptor, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, mescaline, cross-tolerance, drug discrimination, head-twitch response, exploratory behavior, interval timing, electrophysiology
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Exploratory Behavior, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A

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Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens

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