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Cited by 516Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPhysical Activity and HealthPain Mechanisms and Treatments

Physical exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: Why and when

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Ambrose, Kirsten R., Golightly, Yvonne M.·2015·Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
DOI 10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.022PMC PMC4534717
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Abstract

Chronic pain broadly encompasses both objectively defined conditions and idiopathic conditions that lack physical findings. Despite variance in origin or pathogenesis, these conditions are similarly characterized by chronic pain, poor physical function, mobility limitations, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, and they are treated alone or in combination by pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, such as physical activity (aerobic conditioning, muscle strengthening, flexibility training, and movement therapies). Physical activity improves general health, disease risk, and progression of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. When applied to chronic pain conditions within appropriate parameters (frequency, duration, and intensity), physical activity significantly improves pain and related symptoms. For chronic pain, strict guidelines for physical activity are lacking, but frequent movement is preferable to sedentary behavior. This gives considerable freedom in prescribing physical activity treatments, which are most successful when tailored individually, progressed slowly, and account for physical limitations, psychosocial needs, and available resources.

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  • Water-based exercise allows for greater adherence to physical activity programs because it is enjoyable and less painful.

    “Additionally, water-based exercise allows for greater adherence to physical activity programs, as the enjoyable and less painful nature of the activity increases the likelihood that participants will continue to engage in regular exercise (Ambrose & Golightly, 2015).”

    From Effect of water-based aerobic training on anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular, and explosive strength parameters in young overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as Ambrose & Golightly, 2015

    In “Exercise approaches for the management of chronic pain conditions” (page unavailable), the paper says people may be more likely to continue activities they enjoy. “Exercise considerations for chronic pain conditions” (page unavailable) links gradual, non-pain-exacerbating programs with greater adherence. It does not say that water-based exercise is more enjoyable or less painful, or that it produces greater adherence than other exercise. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Ambrose, K. R., & Golightly, Y. M.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Ambrose, Kirsten R.
ORCID
Venue
Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-02
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
120-130
ISSN
1521-6942 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.berh.2015.04.022
PMC
PMC4534717
OpenAlex
W1504926627
Cited by
516
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
2.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health (KL2TR001109/UL1TR001111)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
chronic pain, physical activity, non-pharmacological treatment, exercise prescription, sedentary behavior, individualized exercise, anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, mobility limitations
MeSH terms
Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise, Chronic Pain

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