Antitumor immunologically modified carbon nanotubes for photothermal therapy

Abstract

An immunologically modified nanotube system was developed using an immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan (GC), as surfactant of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs). This SWNT-GC system not only retained both optical properties of SWNTs and immunological functions of GC, but also could enter cells due to the carrier properties of SWNTs. Cellular SWNTs induced thermal destruction of tumor cells when irradiated by a near-infrared laser and, at the same time, cellular GC could serve both as damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and pathogen associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) to enhance the tumor immunogenicity and enhance the uptake and presentation of tumor antigens, leading to special antitumor response. Using this system and a 980-nm laser, we treated tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the induced thermal and immunological effects. Laser+SWNT-GC afford a remarkable efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in animal cancer models, in many cases resulting in complete tumor regression and long-term survival. Mice successfully treated by laser+SWNT-GC could establish resistance to tumor re-challenge. This system forms a multifunctional temporal-spatial continuum, which can synergize photothermal and immunological effects. The laser+SWNT-GC could represent a promising treatment modality to induce systemic antitumor response through a local intervention, while minimizing the adverse side effects.