The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of corn and switchgrass on marginal soils for bioenergy
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There are very few data for Miscanthus [62, 65, 150], switchgrass [178, 179], willow [143, 180] or poplar [22] available.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [179]
Citations
Cites
Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security
Lal, R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097396 · Cited by 8,376
Global potential bioethanol production from wasted crops and crop residues
Kim, S., & Dale, B. E. (2003) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.002 · Cited by 1,933
Perspectives on new crops and new uses
Janick, J. (1999) · Cited by 1,184
Crop and Soil Productivity Response to Corn Residue Removal
Wilhelm, W. W., Johnson, J. M. F., Hatfield, J. L., Voorhees, W. B., & Linden, D. R. (2004) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2004.0001 · Cited by 533
Crop Management for Soil Carbon Sequestration
Jarecki, M. K., & Lal, R. (2003) · Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1080/713608318 · Cited by 396
High-Value Renewable Energy from Prairie Grasses
McLaughlin, S. B., de la Torre Ugarte, D. G., Garten, Lynd, L. R., Sanderson, M. A., Tolbert, V. R., & Wolf, D. D. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es010963d · Cited by 316
Developing Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop
Bouton, J. H., Bransby, D., Conger, B. V., McLaughlin, S., Ocumpaugh, W. R., Parrish, D., Taliaferro, C. M., Vogel, K. P., & Wullschleger, S. D. (1998) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 201
Self-citationLinden, D. R., Clapp, C. E., & Dowdy, R. H. (2000) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(00)00139-2 · Cited by 176
Corn and Soybean Yield Response to Crop Residue Management Under No‐Tillage Production Systems1
Wilhelm, W. W., Doran, J. W., & Power, J. F. (1986) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800010036x · Cited by 174
Energy production from forages (or American agriculture—back to the future)
Vogel, K. P. (1996) · Journal of Soil and Water Conservation · doi:10.1080/00224561.1996.12457059 · Cited by 89
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–196 of 196
Biomass for energy versus food and feed, land use analyses and water supply
Ladanai, S., & Vinterbäck, J. (2010) · Epsilon Open Archive (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet biblioteket (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)) · Cited by 13
Wienhold, B. J., Schmer, M. R., Jin, V. L., Varvel, G. E., & Gollany, H. T. (2015) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9654-6 · Cited by 12
Self-citationEfficient Methods of Estimating Switchgrass Biomass Supplies
Schmer, M. R., Mitchell, R. B., Vogel, K. P., Schacht, W. H., & Marx, D. B. (2010) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-009-9070-x · Cited by 12
Self-citationBio-coal production with agroforestry biomasses in Brazil
Fialho, L. D. F., Carneiro, A. D. C. O., Carvalho, A. M. M. L., Figueiró, C. G., da Silva, C. M. S., de Magalhães, M. A., & Peres, L. C. (2019) · Maderas Ciencia y tecnología · doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2019005000308 · Cited by 12
Ghaderi, H., Babazadeh, R., Moini, A., & Pishvaee, M. S. (2018) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.11.024 · Cited by 12
Net primary production in three bioenergy crop systems following land conversion
DEAL, M. W., Xu, J., John, R., Zenone, T., Chen, J., Chu, H., Jasrotia, P., Kahmark, K., Bossenbroek, J. M., & Mayer, C. (2013) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rtt057 · Cited by 10
Manure and Inorganic Nitrogen Affect Irrigated Corn Yields and Soil Properties
Halvorson, A. D., Stewart, C. E., & Grosso, S. J. D. (2016) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0402 · Cited by 11
Vegetable-based feedstocks for biofuels production
Pinzi, S., & Dorado, M. P. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857090492.1.61 · Cited by 12
Innovation in Agriculture: Incentives for Adoption and Supply Chain Development for Energy Crops
Khanna, M., Zilberman, D., & Miao, R. (2017) · Natural resource management and policy · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6906-7_14 · Cited by 10
Xu, K., Sun, F., Wang, Y., Shi, L., Liu, S., & Xi, Y. (2016) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2014-0300 · Cited by 11
Grasses and Legumes for Cellulosic Bioenergy
Casler, M. D., Heaton, E. A., Shinners, K. J., Jung, H. G., Weimer, P. J., Liebig, M. A., Mitchell, R. B., & Digman, M. F. (2009) · ASSA, CSSA and SSSA · doi:10.2134/2009.grassland.c12 · Cited by 11
Self-citationA Multiple Species Approach to Biomass Production from Native Herbaceous Perennial Feedstocks
González-Hernández, J. L., Sarath, G., Stein, J. M., Owens, V. N., Gedye, K. R., & Boe, A. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7145-6_5 · Cited by 10
Biomass Production by Warm‐Season Grasses as Affected by Nitrogen Application in Ontario
Tubeileh, A., Rennie, T. J., Kerr, A., Saita, A., & Patanè, C. (2014) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2013.0379 · Cited by 9
Shrestha, S. L., Allen, F. L., Goddard, K., Bhandari, H. S., & Bates, G. E. (2023) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106878 · Cited by 10
White, P. M., Webber, C. L., Viator, R. P., & Aita, G. M. (2018) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-018-9951-y · Cited by 9
Cultivation of Erianthus and Napier Grass at an Abandoned Mine in Lampung, Indonesia
Sekiya, N., Abe, J., Shiotsu, F., & Morita, S. (2014) · American Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.4236/ajps.2014.511186 · Cited by 10
Use of crop residues in the production of biofuel
Lal, R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845697051.4.455 · Cited by 7
Water use and biomass yield of bioenergy crops in the North Carolina Piedmont
Stephenson, T. D., Carvalho, H. D. R., Castillo, M. S., Crozier, C. R., Smyth, T. J., & Heitman, J. L. (2021) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.20646 · Cited by 7
Maize and Prairie Root Contributions to Soil CO2 Emissions in the Field
Nichols, V., Miguez, F. E., Sauer, T. J., & Dietzel, R. N. (2016) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0048 · Cited by 7
Renewable energy from restored prairie plots in southeastern Minnesota, USA
Borsari, B., Onwueme, I. C., Kreidermacher, E., & Terill, T. R. (2009) · WIT transactions on ecology and the environment · doi:10.2495/esu090131 · Cited by 7
Sustainable Production of Energycane for Bio-Energy in the Southeastern United States
Viator, R. P., White, P. M., & Richard, E. (2010) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2010-1058.ch009 · Cited by 7
Lin, C., Namoi, N., Hoover, A. N., Emerson, R., Cortez, M., Wolfrum, E. J., Payne, C., Egenolf, J., Harmoney, K. R., Kallenbach, R. L., et al. (2022) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12980 · Cited by 6
Spatial Variability in Biomass Yield of Switchgrass, Native Prairie, and Corn at Field Scale
Hao, X., Thelen, K. D., & Gao, J. (2016) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0167 · Cited by 6
Seepaul, R., Macoon, B., Reddy, K. R., & Evans, W. B. (2016) · Crop Forage & Turfgrass Management · doi:10.2134/cftm2015.0163 · Cited by 6
Herbaceous Perennials: Placement, benefits and incorporation challenges in diversified landscapes
Mitchell, R. B., Owens, V. N., Gutterson, N. I., Onyango, E. R., & Barney, J. N. (2011) · Cited by 6
Self-citationArachchilage, M. H., Mullet, J. E., & Marshall‐Colón, A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.17.158048 · Cited by 6
Ramírez, S. V., Schmer, M. R., Jin, V. L., Mitchell, R. B., Stewart, C. E., Parsons, J., Redfearn, D. D., Quinn, J. J., Varvel, G. E., Vogel, K. P., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1272877 · Cited by 6
Self-citationXu, B., Deng, X., Zhang, S., & Lun, S. (2010) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-010-9496-0 · Cited by 5
Field‐scale evaluation of ecosystem service benefits of bioenergy switchgrass
Namoi, N., Lin, C., Jang, C., Wasonga, D. O., Zumpf, C. R., Arshad, M. U., Heaton, E. A., & Lee, D. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.1002/jeq2.70025 · Cited by 4
Bamboo: A neglected candidate for polyhydroxyalkanoate production–A review
Zhao, J., Zong, Z., Zhang, X., Luo, C., & Li, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144303 · Cited by 5
Bioethanol Production from Switchgrass Grown on Coal Fly Ash-amended Soil
Awoyemi, O. M., & Adeleke, E. O. (2017) · World Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.12691/wjar-5-3-4 · Cited by 4
Beslemes, D., Tigka, E. L., Efthimiadis, P., & Danalatos, N. G. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural Science · doi:10.5539/jas.v5n7p189 · Cited by 4
Scenarios of bioenergy development impacts on regional groundwater withdrawals
Uden, D. R., Allen, C. R., Mitchell, R. B., Guan, Q., & McCoy, T. D. (2013) · Journal of Soil and Water Conservation · doi:10.2489/jswc.68.5.124a · Cited by 4
Self-citationNitrogen and Harvest Management Effects on Switchgrass and Mixed Perennial Biomass Production
Sawyer, A., Rosen, C. J., Lamb, J. A., & Sheaffer, C. C. (2018) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2017.11.0657 · Cited by 4
Soil Management Implications of Producing Biofuel Feedstock
Johnson, J. M. F., Archer, D. W., Karlen, D. L., Weyers, S. L., & Wilhelm, W. W. (2011) · ASSA, CSSA and SSSA · doi:10.2136/2011.soilmanagement.c24 · Cited by 4
Athmanathan, A. (2013) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · Cited by 4
Wilson, D. M. (2012) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2449 · Cited by 4
Regional Feedstock Partnership Biomass Quality Assessment Final Report
Emerson, R., Hoover, A. N., Cortez, M., Rials, T. G., Owens, V. N., Voigt, T. B., Lee, D., Fike, J. H., Baldwin, B. S., Rooney, W. L., et al. (2022) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · doi:10.2172/1862678 · Cited by 6
Bioethanol potential of switchgrass cultivars for rainfed and irrigated conditions in marginal lands
Gönülal, E., & Hocaoğlu, O. (2023) · Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science · doi:10.1080/03650340.2023.2278320 · Cited by 3
Lin, C., Zumpf, C. R., Jang, C., Voigt, T. B., Tian, G., Oladeji, O. O., Cox, A. E., Mehzabin, R., & Lee, D. (2024) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024 · Cited by 3
Seedbed Preparation and Planting Depth Affect Switchgrass Establishment and Yield
Butler, T. J., Stein, J. D., Pittman, J. J., & Interrante, S. M. (2016) · Crop Forage & Turfgrass Management · doi:10.2134/cftm2016.0012 · Cited by 3
Uden, D. R. (2012) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 3
Biomass Availability and Sustainability for Biofuels
Loqué, D., Eudes, A., & Yang, F. (2011) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849732857-00005 · Cited by 3
Crago, C. L. (2014) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04849-9_13 · Cited by 3
Effect of corn stover harvest and winter rye cover crop on corn nitrogen fertilization
Pantoja, J. L. (2013) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-3218 · Cited by 3
Biofuels and Biodiversity: The Implications of Energy Sprawl
Robertson, B. A., & Doran, P. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00341-5 · Cited by 3
Vincent, M. (2010) · Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-1395 · Cited by 3
Gunther, T. P. (2011) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2065 · Cited by 3
Near-Term Effects of Perennial Grasses on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Eastern Nebraska
Ramirez, S., Schmer, M. R., Jin, V. L., Mitchell, R. B., & Eskridge, K. M. (2023) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments10050080 · Cited by 2
Self-citationKharytonov, M. M., Мартынова, Н. В., Babenko, M., Лемішко, С. М., Samarska, A., & Gispert, M. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.1080/00207233.2025.2530864 · Cited by 3
Cortese, L. M. (2014) · doi:10.7282/t3sx6bg7 · Cited by 2
Ahlschwede, C. M. (2013) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 2
INFLUENCE OF CORN (ZEA MAYSL.) CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT ON RESIDUE PRODUCTION
dos Santos, N. Z., Prior, S. A., Gabardo, J., Valaski, J. C., Motta, A. C. V., & Neto, A. F. (2012) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2012.653078 · Cited by 2
Climate implications of biomass appropriation: Integrating bioenergy and animal feeding systems
Meisterling, K. (2011) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6715115 · Cited by 2
Yield of switchgrass on reclaimed surface mines
Brown, C. W., Skousen, J., & Griggs, T. (2013) · Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation · doi:10.21000/jasmr13010038 · Cited by 2
Novel Cropping Technologies and Management Applied to Energy Crops
Barbanti, L. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16764-4 · Cited by 2
The impact of land-use and global change on water-related agro-ecosystem services in the midwest US
VanLoocke, A. D. (2012) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 2
Biomass Supply Strategy for Building a Sustainable Cellulosic Biofuel Business
Golecha, R. (2016) · Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment · doi:10.1080/10485236.2016.11674929 · Cited by 2
Ghosh, T. K., & Prelas, M. A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1402-1_6 · Cited by 2
Estimating Water Use Efficiency in Bioenergy Ecosystems Using a Process‐Based Model
Qin, Z., & Zhuang, Q. (2014) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781118872086.ch30 · Cited by 2
Drought-tolerant Biofuel Crops could be a Critical Hedge for Biorefineries
Morrow, W. R., USDOE Office of Science (SC), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO) USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Gopal, A., Gary, F., Lewis, S., Dale, L., Masanet, E. R., & McKone, T. E. (2015) · doi:10.2172/1209356 · Cited by 2
Mayfield, B. L. (2019) · doi:10.33915/etd.3808 · Cited by 2
Corn and Switchgrass Derived Sustainable Aviation Fuel Carbon Intensity
Ramírez, S. V., Schmer, M. R., Jin, V. L., Mitchell, R. B., Stewart, C. E., Redfearn, D. D., Quinn, J. J., & Afi, M. (2026) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.70121 · Cited by 1
Self-citation(2010) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada) · Cited by 1
Long‐term corn residue grazing improves subsequent soybean yields in a corn–soybean rotation
Drewnoski, M. E., MacDonald, J. C., Erickson, G. E., Klopfenstein, T. J., & Hanford, K. J. (2017) · Crops & Soils · doi:10.2134/cs2017.50.0206 · Cited by 1
Estimating Switchgrass Biomass Yield and Lignocellulose Composition from UAV-Based Indices
Wasonga, D. O., Jang, C., Lee, J. W., Vittore, K. M., Arshad, M. U., Namoi, N., Zumpf, C. R., & Lee, D. (2025) · Crops · doi:10.3390/crops5010003 · Cited by 1
Opportunities and challenges of transitioning to sustainable next-generation transportation biofuels
Hill, J. (2009) · International Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1504/ijbt.2009.028098 · Cited by 1
Opportunities for Nebraska in Future Carbon Markets: Final Technical Report for NCESR Project 3-#303
Perrin, R. K., Liska, A. J., & Fulginiti, L. E. (2010) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 1
Kohn, J. L. (2010) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · Cited by 1
Brauer, K. H., Amado, A. A., Bradley, A. A., & Weber, L. J. (2015) · doi:10.17077/etd.elt6os0k · Cited by 1
Liu, X. (2013) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1
Lal, P., Ranjan, A., Wolde, B. T., Burli, P., & Blumberg, R. (2017) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119297376.ch1 · Cited by 1
バイオマス燃料用原料としての熱帯牧草を中心にした草本性バイオマスの特性と品種改良( 新MIDORI革命-夢エネルギーを追う-)
仁, 中. (2009) · 日本草地学会誌 · doi:10.14941/grass.55.274
Fluxos de energia em sistemas de produção de forragens
Andréa, M. C. D. S. (2013) · doi:10.11606/d.11.2013.tde-17072013-085223
Soil organic carbon dynamics under perennial energy crops
Zatta, A. (2013) · AMS Dottorato Institutional Doctoral Theses Repository (University of Bologna) · doi:10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/5921
Williams, P. R. D., Inman, D., Aden, A., & Heath, G. A. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2035043
Screening switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for water stress tolerance
Fahej, M. A. S. (2012) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University)
Impact of Growing Environment on Anthracnose Severity of Switchgrass Cultivars and Clones
Hoffman, L., Cortese, L. M., Weibel, E. N., Mayton, H. S., & Bonos, S. A. (2016) · Plant Disease · doi:10.1094/pdis-01-16-0006-re
Schmer, M. R., Vogel, K. P., Varvel, G. E., Follett, R. F., Mitchell, R. B., & Jin, V. L. (2015) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b18466-4
Self-citationKumalaningsih, S., Suhartini, S., & Pranowo, D. (2009) · JURNAL PANGAN · doi:10.33964/jp.v18i1.222
Formation of millet millet yield depending on row spacing and crop nutrition
Kulyk, M. I., Syplyva, N., & Babych, O. V. (2019) · Interagency thematic scientific collection «Irrigated agriculture» · doi:10.32848/0135-2369.2019.72.7
Kim, G., Park, W.-S., Choi, N.-Y., Jeong, Y.-H., Kim, S.-C., Joo, Y. H., & Na, C. (2020) · Journal of Agriculture & Life Science · doi:10.14397/jals.2020.54.2.15
Genetic variation associated with plastic and homeostatic growth responses to drought in ArabidopsisPreprint
Ferrero‐Serrano, Á., & Assmann, S. M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.443185
Non-energy Natural Resource Demand
Reijnders, L., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2008) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-138-5_3
(2021) · Phytobiomes Journal · doi:10.1094/pbiomes-5-1
Biofuels and Biodiversity: The Implications of Energy Sprawl
Robertson, B. A., & Doran, P. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822562-2.00198-5
LIN, C.-H. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-203-ac1
LIN, C.-H. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2024-203-ac2
Schmer, M. R., Ramirez, S., Jin, V. L., Wienhold, B. J., Varvel, G. E., & Wilhelm, W. W. (2024) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.21674
Self-citationShrestha, S. L., Tobias, C. M., Allen, F. L., Bragg, J. N., Goddard, K., & Bhandari, H. S. (2025) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.70060
Metadata
- Authors
- Varvel, G. E., Vogel, K. P., Mitchell, R. B., Follett, R. F., & Kimble, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Natural Resources Conservation Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Varvel, G.E.
- Venue
- Biomass and Bioenergy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-21
- ISSN
- 0961-9534 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2068624548
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 23.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomass and Bioenergy (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Keywords
- switchgrass, corn stover removal, crop residue removal, no-till corn, maize grain yield, ethanol yield, nitrogen fertilization, marginal cropland, non-irrigated land, long-term field experiment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review