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Identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Indolopyrazoline derivatives and molecular docking studies
Abstract
The synthesis of novel indolopyrazoline derivatives (P1-P4 and Q1-Q4) has been characterized and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer agents through in vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and radical scavenging activity (antioxidant) studies. Specifically, Q3 shows AChE inhibition (IC50: 0.68±0.13μM) with strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 13.77±0.25μM and IC50: 12.59±0.21μM), respectively. While P3 exhibited as the second most potent compound with AChE inhibition (IC50: 0.74±0.09μM) and with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 13.52±0.62μM and IC50: 13.13±0.85μM), respectively. Finally, molecular docking studies provided prospective evidence to identify key interactions between the active inhibitors and the AChE that furthermore led us to the identification of plausible binding mode of novel indolopyrazoline derivatives. Additionally, in-silico ADME prediction using QikProp shows that these derivatives fulfilled all the properties of CNS acting drugs. This study confirms the first time reporting of indolopyrazoline derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer agents.
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“Generally, the main task of insecticidal agents, such as the potential compounds examined during the current study, is to irreversibly inhibit the production of the AChE enzyme, which is responsible for acetylcholine’s hydrolysis, which consequently terminates the nerve impulse through acetylcholine.”
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Self-citationKotan, G., Gören, K., Alkan, M., Gürbüz, A., Bağlan, M., Manap, S., & Yüksek, H. (2026) · Iranian Journal of Science · doi:10.1007/s40995-026-02054-6
Scaffold‐Hunting From Pyriproxyfen: A Biochemoinformatic Route to Novel Insecticidal Leads
Santos, E. L. V. S. D., Ramos, R. D. S., Silva, R. C., Silva, L. B., de Lima, L. R., Bastos, R. S., da Silva, A. V., Mwanza, S. S., Kimani, N. M., Espejo-Román, J. M., et al. (2026) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/bmri/6490830
BindingDB Entry 50003257: Current progress on antioxidants incorporating the pyrazole core.
BindingDB (2020) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q28w3h1v
BindingDB (2020) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q27083zm
Metadata
- Authors
- Chigurupati, S., Selvaraj, M., Mani, V., Selvarajan, K. K., Mohammad, J. I., Kaveti, B., Bera, H., Palanimuthu, V. R., Teh, L. K., & Salleh, M. Z.
- Affiliations
- AIMST University (MY)
- Universiti Teknologi MARA System (MY)
- Qassim University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Chigurupati, Sridevi
- Selvaraj, Manikandan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Bioorganic Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 67
- Pages
- 9-17
- ISSN
- 0045-2068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2388623795
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 5.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Bioorganic Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (600-RMI/TRGS 5/3 (1/2014)-3)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Heterocyclic Compound Synthesis and Bioactivity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, anti-Alzheimer agents, Alzheimer's disease, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, DPPH radical, ABTS radical, molecular docking, ADME prediction, CNS drug candidates
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Antioxidants, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Indoles, Pyrazoles, Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Structure, Molecular Docking Simulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.