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Gut Microbial Metabolite TMAO Enhances Platelet Hyperreactivity and Thrombosis Risk

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Vitamin D Decreases Plasma Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide Level in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota

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Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on aortic atherosclerotic plaque in a high-fat diet rabbit model

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Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis

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β-sitosterol inhibits trimethylamine production by regulating the gut microbiota and attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE–/– mice

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Glaucoma patients have an increased level of trimethylamine, a toxic product of gut bacteria, in the aqueous humor: a pilot study

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Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteers

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Aquatic Foods

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At the Intersection of Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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Obesity is the main driver of altered gut microbiome functions in the metabolically unhealthy

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Gut microbiota: an emerging target connecting polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance

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A peptide inhibitor of macrophage migration in atherosclerosis purified from the leech Whitmania pigra

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Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation in Atherosclerosis

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Aggravating Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence in Mice

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Therapeutic applications of gut microbes in cardiometabolic diseases: current state and perspectives

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Gut microbiota nexus: Exploring the interactions with the brain, heart, lungs, and skin axes and their effects on health

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Targeting Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Phenolic Compounds in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review

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Trimethylamine N-oxide—a marker for atherosclerotic vascular disease

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Ginger attenuates trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-exacerbated disturbance in cholesterol metabolism and vascular inflammation

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Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01 inhibits choline-induced atherosclerosis through CDCA-FXR-FGF15 axis

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Promising influences of gingerols against metabolic syndrome: A mechanistic review

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Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis

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Biomarkers to monitor the prognosis, disease severity, and treatment efficacy in coronary artery disease

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Inducing Endothelial Injury: UPLC-MS/MS-Based Quantification and the Activation of Cathepsin B-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome

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Gut Microbe-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Ischemic Stroke

Li, Z., He, X., Fang, Q., & Yin, X. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14111463 · Cited by 26

Role of microbial metabolites in cardiovascular and human health

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The Role of Gut Microbiota and Trimethylamine N-oxide in Cardiovascular Diseases

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TMAO and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Its Potential as a Biomarker

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The mechanisms underlying acute myocardial infarction in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

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Microbial Metabolites in the Maturation and Activation of Dendritic Cells and Their Relevance for Respiratory Immunity

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, Is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

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Uremic Toxins and Cardiovascular System

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Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is an Independent Predictor of Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome

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Uremic Toxin–Targeting as a Therapeutic Strategy for Preventing Cardiorenal Syndrome

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Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Level Is Associated with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Advanced Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

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The interventional effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in mice of different sexes

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Microbiomes in physiology: insights into 21st‐century global medical challenges

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Gut microbiota in ischemic stroke: Where we stand and challenges ahead

Long, J.-X., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Chen, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1008514 · Cited by 22

Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cell through the MAPK pathway

Zhou, C., Basnet, R., Zhen, C., Ma, S., Guo, X., Wang, Z., & Yuan, Y. (2024) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-024-01178-8 · Cited by 22

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Host Lipid Metabolism: An Eye on Causation and Connection

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Microbiota‐related metabolites fueling the understanding of ischemic heart disease

Fan, Y., Ying, J., Ma, H., & Cui, H. (2023) · iMeta · doi:10.1002/imt2.94 · Cited by 18

Coronary heart disease and intestinal microbiota

Liu, L., He, X., & Feng, Y. (2019) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0000000000000758 · Cited by 22

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis That Could Be Related to the Onset of Atherosclerosis

Avilés‐Jiménez, F. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/9943158 · Cited by 19

Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Mediator Linking Peripheral to Central Inflammation: An In Vitro Study

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The human gut microbiome – a new and exciting avenue in cardiovascular drug discovery

Du, Y., Li, X., Su, C., Wang, L., Jiang, J., & Hong, B. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2019.1638909 · Cited by 20

Dietary titanium dioxide particles (E171) promote diet-induced atherosclerosis through reprogramming gut microbiota-mediated choline metabolism in APOE-/- mice

Zhu, X., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Zhu, Y., & Yang, X. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129179 · Cited by 17

TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis

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Positive Association of Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Atherosclerosis in Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Kong, W., Ma, J., Lin, Y. N., & Chen, W. (2022) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1155/2022/2484018 · Cited by 17

Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders

Liu, M., Shi, W., Huang, Y., Wu, Y., & Ke-ming, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430 · Cited by 20

Gut microbiota-generated metabolites: missing puzzles to hosts’ health, diseases, and aging

Zhang, Y., Wei, S., Zhang, H., Jo, Y., Kang, J., Ha, K., Joo, J., Lee, H. J., & Ryu, D. (2024) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2024-0022 · Cited by 18

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Generated by the Gut Microbiota: Potential Atherosclerosis Treatment Strategies

Zhu, B., Ren, H., Xie, F., An, Y., Wang, Y., & Tan, Y. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612828666220919085019 · Cited by 18

The effect of TMAO on aging-associated cardiovascular and metabolic pathways and emerging therapies

Alsulami, M., Alamri, H. S., Barhoumi, T., Munawar, N., & Alghanem, B. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05356-2 · Cited by 18

The modulation effects of plant‐derived bioactive ingredients on chronic kidney disease: Focus on the gut–kidney axis

Jian, S., Yang, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Xin, Z., Wen, C., He, S., Deng, J., & Deng, B. (2023) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.209 · Cited by 16

Trimethylamine N-oxide in cardiovascular disease

Konieczny, R., & Kuliczkowski, W. (2022) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/147666 · Cited by 18

Effects of choline metabolite—trimethylamine N-oxide on immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease

Wang, S., Ni, Y., Zhou, S., Peng, H., Cao, Y., Zhu, Y., Gong, J., Lu, Q., Han, Z., Lin, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1591151 · Cited by 16

Gut‒heart axis: emerging therapies targeting trimethylamine N-oxide production

Torres, E. R., Wilcox, J. D., & Tang, W. H. W. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2604868 · Cited by 18

Trimethylamine N-oxide Promotes Atherosclerosis by Regulating Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Autophagy in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Shi, G., Zeng, L., Shi, J., & Chen, Y. (2023) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.22-603 · Cited by 19

A study of the correlation between stroke and gut microbiota over the last 20years: a bibliometric analysis

Han, S., Cai, L., Chen, P., & Kuang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191758 · Cited by 18

A bacterial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, disrupts the hemostasis balance in human primary endothelial cells but no coagulopathy in mice

Subramaniam, S., Boukhlouf, S., & Fletcher, C. (2019) · Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis · doi:10.1097/mbc.0000000000000838 · Cited by 15

The gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide promotes cardiac hypertrophy by activating the autophagic degradation of SERCA2a

Lei, D., Liu, Y. F., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Lei, Y., Zhao, F., Li, W., Ouyang, Z., Chen, L., Tang, S., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08016-9 · Cited by 14

Novel cardiac biomarkers and multiple-marker approach in the early detection, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases

Bokhari, S. F. H., Umais, M., Sattar, S. M. F., Mehboob, U., Iqbal, A., Amir, M., Bakht, D., Ali, K., Hasan, A. H., Javed, M. A., et al. (2025) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i7.106561 · Cited by 17

Trimethylamine N-oxide induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the PERK

Yang, B., Tang, G., Wang, M., Ni, Y., Tong, J., Hu, C., Zhou, M., Jiao, K., & Li, Z. (2024) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.08.009 · Cited by 16

Trimethylamine N‐oxide predicts stroke severity in diabetic patients with acute ischaemic stroke and is related to glycemic variability

Li, Z., Hui, J., Li, S., Cao, T., Zhang, J., Mao, X., Wang, F., Wang, F., He, P., You, Y.-P., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15249 · Cited by 15

Asiaticoside alleviates atherosclerosis progression by suppressing RhoF–NF-κB/MAPK signaling and inflammation in macrophages

Wang, J., Lei, L., Wang, S., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157137 · Cited by 13

c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in aging

Li, Y., You, L., Nepovimová, E., Adam, V., Heger, Z., Jomová, K., Valko, M., Wu, Q., & Kuča, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1453710 · Cited by 13

Cholecalciferol supplementation lowers leptin and TMAO but increases NO and VEGF-A levels in obese vitamin D deficient patients: Is it one of the potential cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin D?

Ozorowski, M., Wiciński, M., Wróbel, Ł., & Fajkiel-Madajczyk, A. (2022) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-022-00666-4 · Cited by 13

Deficiency of proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) accelerates trimethylamine N-oxide-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

Luo, T., Liu, D., Guo, Z., Chen, P., Guo, Z., Ou, C., & Chen, M. (2022) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.013 · Cited by 13

Myeloid leukocytes’ diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease

Hof, A., Geißen, S., Singgih, K., Mollenhauer, M., Winkels, H., Benzing, T. R., Baldus, S. E., & Hoyer, F. F. (2022) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4 · Cited by 13

Therapeutic Potentials of Scavenger Receptor CD36 Mediated Innate Immune Responses Against Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

Banesh, S., & Trivedi, V. (2019) · Current Drug Discovery Technologies · doi:10.2174/1570163816666190802153319 · Cited by 13

Host–gut microbiota interactions in health and disease: mechanisms and intervention strategies

Han, Y., Wang, Z., Xie, J., Yang, G., Su, M., Wang, S., Yang, M., Yu, H., Li, M., Wang, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1785607 · Cited by 13

Role of Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis: Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects

Salazar, J., Morillo, V., Suarez, M., Castro, A. V., Ramírez, P., Rojas, M., Áñez, R., D’Marco, L., Chacín, M., & Bermúdez, V. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573403x19666230202164524 · Cited by 17

Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Ribeiro, M. M., Kemp, J. A., Cardozo, L., de Vargas, D. C. M., Alves, M. R., Stenvinkel, P., & Mafra, D. (2024) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins17010015 · Cited by 14

Hemin acts as CD36 ligand to activate down-stream signalling to disturb immune responses and cytokine secretion from macrophages

Banesh, S., Layek, S., & Trivedi, V. (2022) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2022.01.004 · Cited by 12

Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine against atherosclerosis: Targeting trimethylamine N-oxide

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