Molecular targeting for treatment of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection
Open accessAbstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and several other disorders. ATLL occurs in approximately 5% of the 15-20 million people infected by HTLV-1 in the world. In general, ATLL is resistant to chemotherapy, which underlines the need for new and effective therapeutic strategies. Previous studies highlighted the role of viral enzymes, responsible for viral replication, and regulatory proteins such as Tax and HBZ in the progression of HTLV-1-associated diseases. There are conflicting reports on the efficacy of current enzyme inhibitors, mainly developed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for treatment of HTLV-1 infection. New treatment approaches including monoclonal antibodies show promising results and exert significant cytotoxic effects on ATLL cells. This manuscript reviews the recent developments in molecular targeting for treatment of HTLV-1 infection.
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HTLV-1 can infect CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and other mammalian cells.
“This includes the infection of CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and other mammalian cells [73].”
From Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1 (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
Amino acid sequence alignment of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 RT has shown that the two RTs share ~25% sequence identity and ~45% sequence similarity.
“Amino acid sequence alignment of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 RT has shown that the two RTs share ~25% sequence identity and ~45% sequence similarity [73].”
From Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1 (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
Despite common conserved retroviral motifs, the residues of the HIV-1 NNRTI binding pocket differ vastly from HTLV-1, nullifying the potential to repurpose HIV-1 RT NNRTIs for HTLV-1 treatment.
“Despite the presence of common conserved retroviral motifs, the residues of the HIV-1 NNRTI binding pocket differ vastly from HTLV-1, nullifying the potential to repurpose HIV-1 RT NNRTIs for HTLV-1 treatment.”
From Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1 (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
The crystal structure of HTLV-1 PR was recently characterised and bore highly similar three-dimensional folding to HIV-1 PR, despite only sharing 26% amino acid sequence identity and 38% amino acid sequence similarity.
“The crystal structure of HTLV-1 PR was recently characterised [189] (Protein data bank code 3WSJ) and bore highly similar three-dimensional folding to HIV-1 PR, despite only sharing 26% amino acid sequence identity and 38% amino acid sequence similarity [73].”
From Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1 (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
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Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1
Wang, T. T., Hirons, A., Doerflinger, M., Morris, K. V., Ledger, S., Purcell, D. F. J., Kelleher, A. D., & Ahlenstiel, C. L. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16101616 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Aggressive forms of ATL are treated with intensive chemotherapy, coupled with concurrent or low-dose azidothymidine, an NRTI developed for HIV-AIDS, and interferon-alpha (AZT/IFN-α ) for maintenance [194].”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Soltani, A., Hashemy, S. I., Zahedi Avval, F., Soleimani, A., Rafatpanah, H., Rezaee, S. A., Griffith, R., & Mashkani, B.
- Affiliations
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mashkani, Baratali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 109
- Pages
- 770-778
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2899774702
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (951312, 957283)
- National Institute for Medical Research Development
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Keywords
- HTLV-1 infection, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HAM/TSP, Tax protein, antiviral resistance, monoclonal antibodies, chemoresistance
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, HTLV-I Infections, Treatment Outcome, Protein Structure, Secondary, Molecular Targeted Therapy
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