The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Testing for Neuropsychological Endophenotypes in Siblings Discordant for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Neurocognitive deficits associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might be useful intermediate endophenotypes for determining specific genetic pathways that contribute to ADHD.Methods This study administered 17 measures from prominent neuropsychological theories of ADHD (executive function, processing speed, arousal regulation and, motivation/delay aversion) in dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for ADHD and control twin pairs (ages 8-18 years) to compare performance between twins affected with ADHD (n = 266), their unaffected co-twins (n = 228), and control children from twin pairs without ADHD or learning difficulties (n = 332).Results The ADHD subjects show significant impairment on executive function, processing speed, and response variability measures compared with control subjects. Unaffected co-twins of ADHD subjects are significantly impaired on nearly all the same measures as their ADHD siblings, even when subclinical symptoms of ADHD are controlled.Conclusions Executive function, processing speed, and response variability deficits might be useful endophenotypes for genetic studies of ADHD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Further, several studies have demonstrated that close family members of individuals with ADHD demonstrate increased variability in responding, including, siblings sharing an ADHD diagnosis, discordant dizygotic twins, and siblings who do not meet criteria for diagnosis of ADHD (Bidwell, Willcutt, DeFries, & Pennington, 2007; Rommelse et al., 2007).”
From Increased intra-individual reaction time variability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across response inhibition tasks with different cognitive demands (2009) · cites this paper as Bidwell, Willcutt, DeFries, & Pennington, 2007
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is often characterized as a preference for smaller sooner (SS) over larger later rewards (LL) (see Willcutt et al., 2008 for a meta-analysis; but see also Scheres et al., 2006 andBidwell et al., 2007; for a counter case).”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Bidwell et al., 2007
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Clinical studies suggest that heritability significantly contributes to impaired EF in ADHD (Bidwell et al., 2007; Friedman et al., 2008).”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Bidwell et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Although the effect appears generally robust there is a degree of variability across studies with a number reporting negative results (Bidwell et al., 2007;Scheres et al., 2006;Wåhlstedt, et al., 2009).”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Bidwell et al., 2007
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 · Cited by 5,615
Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Wechsler, D. (1955) · Psychological Corp. eBooks · Cited by 4,941
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
Bourne, L. E. (1977) · Cited by 4,328
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568
Self-citationThe Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: Theory and clinical interpretation
Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. E. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,413
Executive functions and developmental psychopathology.
Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x · Cited by 3,150
Self-citationNigg, J. T. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.220 · Cited by 1,941
ADHD and The Nature of Self-Control
Barkley, R. A., & Wasserstein, J. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.14.1.111 · Cited by 1,640
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual
Heaton, R. K. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,604
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., & Leibenluft, E. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966 · Cited by 1,232
Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001 · Cited by 648
Inhibitory control and psychopathology: A meta-analysis of studies using the stop signal task
LIPSZYC, J., & SCHACHAR, R. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710000895 · Cited by 627
Elia, J., Gai, X., Xie, H. M., Perin, J. C., Geiger, E., Glessner, J. T., D'arcy, M., deBerardinis, R., Frackelton, E., Kim, C., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.57 · Cited by 529
Sonuga-Barke, E., Bitsakou, P., & Thompson, M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.018 · Cited by 504
Metadata
- Authors
- Bidwell, L. C., Willcutt, E. G., DeFries, J. C., & Pennington, B. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bidwell, L. Cinnamon
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 991-998
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2687149
- OpenAlex
- W2148410950
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 04024, R01MH63941, R01MH038820, R37MH038820, R01 MH62120, R01MH063941, R01MH062120, F31MH078514, MH 38820)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50-HD27802, P30HD004024, P50HD027802)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, endophenotypes, executive function, processing speed, response variability, arousal regulation, motivation, delay aversion, gene pathways, neuropsychological deficits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenotype, Problem Solving, Reading, Sex Factors, Twins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
