Elevated neuroimmune biomarkers in sweat patches and plasma of premenopausal women with major depressive disorder in remission: The POWER study
Open accessAbstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is inconsistently associated with elevations in proinflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides. We used a skin sweat patch, recently validated in healthy control subjects, and recycling immunoaffinity chromatography to measure neuroimmune biomarkers in patients with MDD mostly in remission.Methods We collected blood at 8:00 am and applied skin sweat patches for 24 hours in 21- to 45-year-old premenopausal women (n = 19) with MDD (17/19 in remission) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 17) participating in the POWER (Premenopausal, Osteopenia/Osteoporosis, Women, Alendronate, Depression) Study.Results Proinflammatory cytokines, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide were significantly higher and vasoactive intestinal peptide, a marker of parasympathetic activity, was significantly lower in patients compared to controls, and depressive symptomatology strongly correlated with biomarker levels. All analytes were strongly correlated in the skin sweat patch and plasma in patients (r = .73 to .99; p < .0004).Conclusions The skin sweat patch allows detection of disrupted patterns of proinflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides in women with MDD in clinical remission, which could predispose to medical consequences such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes. This method permits measurement of cytokines in ambulatory settings where blood collection is not feasible.
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Insensible sweat cytokine concentration is correlated with plasma concentrations, suggesting at least a portion is derived from circulating stores.
“the finding that insensible sweat cytokine concentration is correlated with plasma concentrations suggests at least a portion is derived from the circulating stores (Cizza et al. 2008; Marques-Deak et al. 2006).”
From Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition (2020) · cites this paper as Cizza et al. 2008
The Introduction and Discussion report that cytokines measured in sweat patches closely correlated with plasma levels in the women studied. The paper treats this as support for sweat patches as a biomarker measure, but does not state that the cytokines are derived from circulating stores; that proposed origin is not established by this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSweat is an attractive biofluid for point-of-care health monitoring because it can be locally and noninvasively induced and carries diverse biomolecules ranging from small electrolytes and metabolites to hormones and larger proteins that filter in from deeper in the body.
“Sweat is an attractive biofluid for point-of-care health monitoring because it can be locally and noninvasively induced and carries diverse biomolecules ranging from small electrolytes and metabolites to hormones and larger proteins that filter in from deeper in the body (1–5).”
From Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPreliminary or small-scale correlation studies have shown promising applications for other analytes such as metabolites and certain neuroimmune biomarkers present in sweat, including a recent work showing exercise sweat glucose of three healthy subjects roughly tracks their blood glucose, making a preliminary case for semiquantitative glucose prediction.
“Preliminary or small-scale correlation studies have shown promising applications for other analytes such as metabolites and certain neuroimmune biomarkers present in sweat (3, 27–29, 36), including a recent work that shows how exercise sweat glucose of three healthy subjects roughly tracks their blood glucose, making a preliminary case for semiquantitative glucose prediction (29).”
From Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwo studies by the same group have found significant correlations between 24-h insensible sweat and plasma cytokine concentrations.
“Two studies by the same group (Cizza et al. 2008; Marques-Deak et al. 2006) have found significant correlations between 24-h insensible sweat and plasma cytokine concentrations.”
From Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition (2020) · cites this paper as Cizza et al. 2008
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References 21 · Cited by 208
- Authors
- Cizza, G., Marques, A. H., Eskandari, F., Christie, I. C., Torvik, S., Silverman, M. N., Phillips, T. M., & Sternberg, E. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sternberg, Esther M.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 907-911
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2610843
- OpenAlex
- W2117236354
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, inflammatory cytokines, neuropeptides, plasma biomarkers, premenopausal women, remission, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, parasympathetic activity, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, osteoporosis, diabetes risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Catecholamines, Chromatography, Affinity, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropeptide Y, Substance P, Sweat, Biomarkers, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Premenopause, Young Adult
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