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Neural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs in social anxiety disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by distorted negative self-beliefs (NSBs) which are thought to enhance emotional reactivity, interfere with emotion regulation, and undermine social functioning. Cognitive reappraisal is a type of emotion regulation used to alter NSBs, with the goal of modulating emotional reactivity. Despite its relevance, little is known about the neural bases and temporal features of cognitive reappraisal in patients with SAD. Methods Twenty-seven patients with SAD and 27 healthy controls (HC) were trained to react and to implement cognitive reappraisal in order to down-regulate negative emotional reactivity to NSBs while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging and providing ratings of negative emotion experience. Results Behaviorally, compared with HC, patients with SAD reported greater negative emotion both while reacting to and reappraising NSBs. However, when cued, participants in both groups were able to use cognitive reappraisal to decrease emotion. Neurally, reacting to NSBs resulted in early amygdala response in both groups. Reappraising NSBs resulted in greater early cognitive control, language, and visual processing in HC, but greater late cognitive control, visceral, and visual processing in patients with SAD. Functional connectivity analysis during reappraisal identified more regulatory regions inversely related to left amygdala in HCs than in patients with SAD. Reappraisal-related brain regions that differentiated patients and controls were associated with negative emotion ratings and cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy. Conclusions Findings regarding cognitive reappraisal suggest neural timing, connectivity, and brain-behavioral associations specific to patients with SAD, and elucidate neural mechanisms that might serve as biomarkers of interventions for SAD.
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“…regulation self-efficacy (i.e. whether regulation attempts will be successful) or a preference for inaction, may reduce the probability of deciding to regulate when negative affect is high even if regulation is adequately valued (Goldin et al., 2009; Sheppes et al., 2014; Suri et al., 2013).”
Contributions of Mindfulness to the Treatment of Anxiety
Papenfuss, I., & Ostafin, B. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91451-5_16
Roelofs, E. F., Groenewold, N. A., Farkas, K., Zhu, A. H., Gao, S., Borgers, T., Dannlowski, U., Flinkenflügel, K., Grotegerd, D., Hahn, T., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.11.007
Zhang, H., Wu, Q., Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Lin, J., & Lei, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-27857-2
“Given that a similar neural pattern has been identified in socially anxious individuals processing negative self-beliefs 51 , testing whether this mechanism extends to evaluative generalization using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) would be a critical next step.”
STRATEGI MAHASISWA MENGATASI KECEMASAN KOMUNIKASI SAAT PRESENTASI DI KELAS 1C
Dzikry, M., Rachman, A., Sabela, D., Lestari, A., & Putri, N. M. K. A. I. (2025) · Jurnal Lentera Edukasi · doi:10.70305/jle.v3i4.152
Using an app to promote emotional regulation and well-being in young adults. A pilot study
Colombo, B., Cohen, J., Currier, R., & Caravita, S. C. S. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2026.100573
Kjærstad, H. L., Nordseth, B. O. B., Vinberg, M., Kessing, L. V., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2026) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-026-00417-x
“Emotion regulation and reactivity were assessed with the Social Scenarios Task (Goldin et al. 2009; Kjærstad et al. 2016), in which participants were presented with short written descriptions of negative or positive social scenarios, accompanied by self-beliefs statements.”
Lu, L., Xu, H., Wang, R., Zhang, B., Wu, B., Zhang, L., Xiao, L., Gong, Q. H., & Strawn, J. R. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726104310
“Given the ACC ’ s role in top-down regulation of threat perception and emotional reactivity (Etkin, Egner, & Kalisch, 2011; Goldin et al., 2009), these findings link a specific neural circuit to core phenomenological features of anxiety – such as heightened threat vigilance, impaired fear…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldin, P. R., Manber-Ball, T., Werner, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1091-1099
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2788040
- OpenAlex
- W2073584643
- Semantic Scholar
- 4dd91909ee96aeb1faf1c176a22e1c70d8bc061a
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 19.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, cognitive reappraisal, negative self-beliefs, emotion regulation, amygdala, functional connectivity, cognitive control, negative emotions, neural timing, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition Disorders, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Phobic Disorders, Self Concept, Young Adult
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