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Neural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs in social anxiety disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by distorted negative self-beliefs (NSBs) which are thought to enhance emotional reactivity, interfere with emotion regulation, and undermine social functioning. Cognitive reappraisal is a type of emotion regulation used to alter NSBs, with the goal of modulating emotional reactivity. Despite its relevance, little is known about the neural bases and temporal features of cognitive reappraisal in patients with SAD. Methods Twenty-seven patients with SAD and 27 healthy controls (HC) were trained to react and to implement cognitive reappraisal in order to down-regulate negative emotional reactivity to NSBs while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging and providing ratings of negative emotion experience. Results Behaviorally, compared with HC, patients with SAD reported greater negative emotion both while reacting to and reappraising NSBs. However, when cued, participants in both groups were able to use cognitive reappraisal to decrease emotion. Neurally, reacting to NSBs resulted in early amygdala response in both groups. Reappraising NSBs resulted in greater early cognitive control, language, and visual processing in HC, but greater late cognitive control, visceral, and visual processing in patients with SAD. Functional connectivity analysis during reappraisal identified more regulatory regions inversely related to left amygdala in HCs than in patients with SAD. Reappraisal-related brain regions that differentiated patients and controls were associated with negative emotion ratings and cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy. Conclusions Findings regarding cognitive reappraisal suggest neural timing, connectivity, and brain-behavioral associations specific to patients with SAD, and elucidate neural mechanisms that might serve as biomarkers of interventions for SAD.
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Bettis, A. H., Henry, L. M., Prussien, K. V., Vreeland, A., Smith, M. R., Adery, L. H., & Compas, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1466306 · Cited by 16
Employee reactiveness and inclusive leadership: time to manage emotional diversity
Rawat, P. S., Lyndon, S., Pradhan, M. R., Jose, J. I., Kollenchira, M., & Mehta, G. (2020) · South Asian Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.1108/sajbs-02-2020-0042 · Cited by 15
Neurobiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Guyer, A. E., Masten, C. L., & Pine, D. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6599-7_2 · Cited by 21
“Results indicated less TDFC between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala among patients with SoPh versus controls [ 114 ] , consistent with the notion that patients are less able to regulate amygdala responses to negative emotions.”
ResultPrefrontal mediation of emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder during laughter perception
Kreifelts, B., Brück, C., Ethofer, T., Ritter, J., Weigel, L., Erb, M., & Wildgruber, D. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.016 · Cited by 24
“In individuals with SAD an altered dorsal prefrontal activation during cognitive emotion regulation has been observed (Brühl et al., 2013; Goldin et al., 2009a, 2009b; Ziv et al., 2013).”
Emotional Reactions to Facial Expressions in Social Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Self-Reports
Kivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2015) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915594436 · Cited by 23
Investigating Moderators of Compassion Meditation Training in a Community Sample
Goldin, P. R., & Jazaieri, H. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0857-0 · Cited by 20
Self-citationChildhood trauma and emotion regulation: The moderator role of BDNF Val66Met
Bîlc, M. I., Vulturar, R., Chiş, A., Buciuman, M.-O., Nutu, D., Bunea, I. M., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., & Miu, A. C. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.018 · Cited by 22
Doolittle, P. E., & Byrnes, M. K. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119852865.ch3 · Cited by 20
Self-efficacy and locus of control as transdiagnostic factors in Middle Eastern refugees
Schlechter, P., Hellmann, J. H., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2180707 · Cited by 21
“Across different samples in Western populations, self-efficacy was associated with depressive symptoms (Sawatzky et al., 2012), panic disorder (Sandin et al., 2015), anxiety disorders (Goldin et al., 2009), and PTSD (Samuelson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundJacob, Y., Shany, O., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Hendler, T. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy181 · Cited by 20
Self-citationKim, S., & Kwon, J.-H. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10045-8 · Cited by 17
Cui, X., Ding, Q., Yu, S., Zhang, S., & Li, X. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102480 · Cited by 18
The electrophysiology correlation of the cognitive bias in anxiety under uncertainty
Yang, S., Zhang, M., Xu, J., Wang, L., Li, Z., Zou, F., Wu, X., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68427-y · Cited by 18
Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Based on fMRI Studies
Yu, X., Ruan, Y., Yawen, Z., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115556 · Cited by 17
“1 [13] 2002 15/15 8 0 Talairach Emotional face 2 [14] 2005 11/11 40 0 Talairach Emotional face 3 [15] 2006 10/10 8 0 Talairach Emotional face 4 [16] 2008 11/11 10 2 MNI Emotional face 5 [17] 2009 8/7 2 0 Talairach Emotional face 6 [18] 2010 12/12 12 1 MNI Emotional face 7 [19] 2010 8/7 11 4 Talairach Emotional face 8…”
Cristea, I. A., Valenza, G., Scilingo, E. P., Tâtar, A. S., Gentili, C., & David, D. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.009 · Cited by 23
Is aberrant affective cognition an endophenotype for affective disorders? – A monozygotic twin study
Meluken, I., Ottesen, N. M., Harmer, C. J., Scheike, T., Kessing, L. V., Vinberg, M., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001642 · Cited by 17
“The Faces Dot-Probe and Social Scenarios Tasks were administered on a Lenovo T450s laptop computer using E-Prime Version 2.0.”
MethodInfluentialTalmon, A., Dixon, M. L., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211004452 · Cited by 16
“Participants Two independent samples of SAD patients were included in data analysis (M. L. Dixon et al., 2020; P. Goldin, W. Ramel, et al., 2009; P. R. Goldin et al., 2009).”
MethodSelf-citationAgathos, J. A., Steward, T., Davey, C. G., Felmingham, K. L., Ince, S., Moffat, B. A., Glarin, R. K., & Harrison, B. J. (2023) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsad024 · Cited by 17
“It has been suggested that subregions of the DMN, chiefly the mPFC and PCC, act in concert with salience and valuation networks to support and direct attention toward mental representations of the self, while lateral and frontoparietal control regions support the modification of these self-representations (Goldin et a…”
BackgroundInfluentialPhan, K. L., & Sripada, C. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511843716.020 · Cited by 16
Bas‐Hoogendam, J. M., van Steenbergen, H., van der Wee, N. J. A., & Westenberg, P. M. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.03.002 · Cited by 16
“Such negative self-beliefs, which are already present in adolescents with SAD [18,19], are related to increased negative emotions like fear and anxiety, and induce maladaptive behavioral responses like safety behaviors, which, consecutively, lead to the maintenance of social anxiety [20,21].”
BackgroundMussini, E., & Russo, F. D. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14166 · Cited by 15
Social anxiety and dissociation: the moderating role of emotion regulation
Cook, M. A., & Newins, A. R. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09875-5 · Cited by 15
You, B., Wen, H., & Jackson, T. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13921 · Cited by 15
Neural basis of distorted self-face recognition in social anxiety disorder
Kim, M.-K., Yoon, H., Shin, Y., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.04.010 · Cited by 15
“Previous studies that used others' faces with negative affect to provoke anxiety found increased amygdala activity in patients with SAD (Goldin et al., 2009a, 2009b) which was not observed in our study.”
BackgroundAlden, L. E., Auyeung, K. W., & Plasencia, L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00018-2 · Cited by 17
McBride, H., & Ireland, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Forensic Practice · doi:10.1108/jfp-06-2015-0036 · Cited by 14
Questionnaire de régulation émotionnelle pour enfants et adolescents
Gosling, C. J., Noblecourt, K., & Moutier, S. (2018) · Enfance · doi:10.3917/enf2.182.0291 · Cited by 17
Reappraising fear: is up-regulation more efficient than down-regulation?
Wiemer, J., Rauner, M., Stegmann, Y., & Pauli, P. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09871-9 · Cited by 14
Akün, E. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.05.002 · Cited by 12
Goodman, F. R., & Kashdan, T. B. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1689423 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Goldin, P. R., Manber-Ball, T., Werner, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1091-1099
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2788040
- OpenAlex
- W2073584643
- Semantic Scholar
- 4dd91909ee96aeb1faf1c176a22e1c70d8bc061a
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 19.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, cognitive reappraisal, negative self-beliefs, emotion regulation, amygdala, functional connectivity, cognitive control, negative emotions, neural timing, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition Disorders, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Phobic Disorders, Self Concept, Young Adult
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