The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Granular Insular Cortex Inactivation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Nicotine Addiction
Open accessAbstract
Background Nicotine is the principal component of tobacco smoke, resulting in addiction, and recent evidence suggests that damage to the insular cortex (insula) disrupts tobacco addiction in human smokers. However, the effect of an inactivation of this structure in an animal model of nicotine addiction has yet to be evaluated. Methods To study this question, we investigated the effects of reversible inactivation of the granular insula by local injection of a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists mixture (baclofen/muscimol) on nicotine self-administration (SA) under fixed and progressive ratio and on reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced by nicotine priming or nicotine-associated cues in rats. We also evaluated the effects of granular insula inactivation on food SA and relapse as a control. Results The inactivation of the granular insula decreased nicotine SA under both fixed and progressive ratios without affecting the SA of food under the same schedules of reinforcement. This inactivation also prevented the reinstatement, after extinction, of nicotine seeking induced by nicotine-associated cues or nicotine priming without modifying the reinstatement of food seeking. Conclusions Our study indicates that the integrity of the granular insula is necessary for exhibiting motivation to take nicotine and to relapse to nicotine seeking but not for consuming food pellets or to relapse for food seeking. Indeed, it might be interesting to study the effect of methods that are able to modulate the activity of the insula--such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or deep brain stimulation--on tobacco addiction and relapse in humans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Our own laboratory demonstrated that aAgIC or pGIC inactivation attenuates nicotine seeking”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Forget et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Our own laboratory demonstrated that aAgIC or pGIC chemical inactivation attenuates nicotine taking, under various ratio schedules of reinforcement”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Forget et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“These methods of inactivation demonstrated no effect on food taking in rats under a moderately restricted diet.”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Forget et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Palkovits, M. (1983) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(83)90049-5 · Cited by 28,959
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions
Damasio, A. R., Grabowski, T. J., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Ponto, L. L. B., Parvizi, J., & Hichwa, R. D. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/79871 · Cited by 2,117
The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings
Shaham, Y., Shalev, U., Lu, L., de Wit, H., & Stewart, J. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1224-x · Cited by 1,615
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.042 · Cited by 1,325
A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking
Harris, G. C., Wimmer, M., & Aston-Jones, G. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04071 · Cited by 1,311
Damage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking
Naqvi, N. H., Rudrauf, D., Damasio, H., & Bechara, A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135926 · Cited by 1,245
The circuitry mediating cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior
McFarland, K., & Kalivas, P. W. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-21-08655.2001 · Cited by 905
The hidden island of addiction: the insula
Naqvi, N. H., & Bechara, A. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.009 · Cited by 833
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shi, 1998, Cortical, thalamic, and amygdaloid connections of the anterior and posterior insular cortices, J Comp Neurol, 399, 440, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981005)399:4<440::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-1 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bossert, J. M., Marchant, N. J., Calu, D. J., & Shaham, Y. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3120-y · Cited by 453
Neural substrates of smoking cue reactivity: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Engelmann, J. M., Versace, F., Robinson, J. D., Minnix, J. A., Lam, C. Y., Cui, Y., Brown, V. L., & Cinciripini, P. M. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.024 · Cited by 394
The insula: a critical neural substrate for craving and drug seeking under conflict and risk
Naqvi, N. H., Gaznick, N., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12415 · Cited by 336
Animal models of drug relapse and craving
Vènniro, M., Caprioli, D., & Shaham, Y. (2015) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.004 · Cited by 331
Revisiting the role of the insula in addiction
Droutman, V., Read, S. J., & Bechara, A. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.005 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Forget, B., Pushparaj, A., & Le Foll, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Pushparaj, Abhiram
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 265-271
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035027501
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- nicotine dependence, insula, neural inactivation, nicotine self-administration, relapse, food self-administration, motivation
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Association Learning, Baclofen, Behavior, Animal, Cerebral Cortex, Conditioning, Classical, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Combinations, Extinction, Psychological, Male, Microinjections, Motivation, Muscimol, Nicotine, Reinforcement Schedule, Self Administration, Tobacco Use Disorder, Behavior, Addictive, Nicotinic Agonists, GABA Agonists, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
