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The Prevalence and Correlates of Binge Eating Disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
Open accessAbstract
Background Little population-based data exist outside the United States on the epidemiology of binge eating disorder (BED). Cross-national BED data are presented here and compared with bulimia nervosa (BN) data in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys.Methods Community surveys with 24,124 respondents (ages 18+) across 14 mostly upper-middle and high-income countries assessed lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Physical disorders were assessed with a chronic conditions checklist.Results Country-specific lifetime prevalence estimates are consistently (median; interquartile range) higher for BED (1.4%; .8-1.9%) than BN (.8%; .4-1.0%). Median age of onset is in the late teens to early 20s for both disorders but slightly younger for BN. Persistence is slightly higher for BN (6.5 years; 2.2-15.4) than BED (4.3 years; 1.0-11.7). Lifetime risk of both disorders is elevated for women and recent cohorts. Retrospective reports suggest that comorbid DSM-IV disorders predict subsequent onset of BN somewhat more strongly than BED and that BN predicts subsequent comorbid disorders somewhat more strongly than does BED. Significant comorbidities with physical conditions are due almost entirely to BN and to a somewhat lesser degree BED predicting subsequent onset of these conditions. Role impairments are similar for BN and BED. Fewer than half of lifetime BN or BED cases receive treatment.Conclusions Binge eating disorder represents a public health problem at least equal to BN. Low treatment rates highlight the clinical importance of questioning patients about eating problems even when not included among presenting complaints.
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“BED is relatively common, associated with weight gain and detrimental consequences for mental and physical health [2].”
From Correlates of interpersonal emotion regulation problems in Loss of Control eating (LOC) in youth: study protocol of the combined online and App based questionnaire, laboratory and randomized controlled online intervention i-BEAT trial (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Emerging research worldwide has indicated the prevalence of BED relative to other eating disorders and established the clinical and public health significance of this diagnostic construct [89, 90].”
From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
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Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review
Galmiche, M., Déchelotte, P., Lambert, G., & Tavolacci, M. P. (2019) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy342 · Cited by 1,712
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P. A., Chiu, W. T., Deitz, A. C., Hudson, J. I., Shahly, V., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Maria Haro, J., Kovess-Masfety, V., O’Neill, S., Posada-Villa, J., Sasu, C., Scott, K., Viana, M. C., & Xavier, M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Takeda (United States) (US)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (MX)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Ulster (GB)
- National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development (RO)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Kessler, Ronald C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 904-914
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3628997
- OpenAlex
- W1978365558
- Cited by
- 1,338
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 19
- FWCI
- 87.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency (RES/4792/13)
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R0 1-MH61905, R01‐MH070884, U01-MH-60220, R01MH061905, HHSN271200700030C, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA015799, R01DA016558)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW006481)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, prevalence, comorbidities, age of onset, disease persistence, lifetime risk, sex differences, treatment rates, role impairment, somatic comorbidity, cross-national comparison, eating disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bulimia, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, World Health Organization, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder
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