The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State, not trait, neuroendocrine function predicts costly reactive aggression in men after social exclusion and inclusion
Abstract
Social exclusion increases aggressive behaviour, and the possible neuroendocrine underpinnings of the effect are largely unknown. Here, we examined the extent to which testosterone and cortisol responses to social exclusion would predict subsequent reactive aggression. Men were randomly assigned to a social exclusion (SE) or inclusion (SI) condition of 'Cyberball', a computer ball-toss game. Aggression was then measured using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). Saliva was collected at three points for the measurement of testosterone and cortisol. Regression analyses indicated that testosterone concentrations 10-min into the PSAP (controlling for pre- and post-Cyberball testosterone) were positively correlated with aggressive behaviour, irrespective of SI/SE. Post hoc analyses for the conditions separately, however, suggested the relationship was stronger for SI men (R(2)(change)=13.3%, F(1,)(29)=5.28, p=0.03) than for SE men (R(2)(change)=1.8%, F(1,)(26)=0.49, p=0.49). Aggressive behaviour was also positively correlated with cortisol concentrations 10-min into the PSAP (controlling for pre- and post-Cyberball cortisol) irrespective of SE/SI. When both hormones were included in the regression model, the interaction of baseline 'Cortisol'×'Testosterone'×'Experimental Group' approached significance (R(2)(change)=5.4%, F(1,)(55)=3.53, p=0.07), but no significant effects were observed in either group alone. The findings add to evidence that individual differences in state neuroendocrine function map onto variability in human social behaviour.
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“This view is informed by the considerable number of Cyberball studies that have found strong exclusion effects in between-subjects designs where one group received only the inclusion condition and another group received both inclusion and exclusion rounds (Boyes & French, 2009; Carter-Sowell et al., 2008; Geniole et al., 2011; van Beest & Williams, 2006).”
From Risk-taking and social exclusion in adolescence: neural mechanisms underlying peer influences on decision-making (2013) · cites this paper as Geniole et al., 2011
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Parsons, T. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00660 · Cited by 837
“…as an experimentally controlled social exclusion assessment that elicits affective (Williams, 2007; Wesselmann et al., 2012), neurobiological (Eisenberger, 2012), psychophysiological (Gunther Moor et al., 2010; Sijtsema et al., 2011), and hormonal (Geniole et al., 2011; Zwolinski, 2012) responses.”
BackgroundCarré, J. M., & Olmstead, N. A. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.029 · Cited by 262
“…socially rejected vs. accepted) have provided additional support for the idea that acute changes in T during competition are positively correlated with human reactive aggression and antagonistic behavior (Carré et al., 2010; Geniole et al., 2011, 2013; see Carré et al., 2011 for review).”
Virtual Reality for Research in Social Neuroscience
Parsons, T. D., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2017) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci7040042 · Cited by 268
“A notable example is the Cyberball game that has been used for multilevel and experimentally controlled assessments of social exclusion: at the neurobiological level [133], hormonal level [134,135], psychophysiological level [136,137], and the affective processing level [138,139].”
MethodThe dual-hormone hypothesis: a brief review and future research agenda
Mehta, P. H., & Prasad, S. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.04.008 · Cited by 224
The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations
(2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190263348.001.0001 · Cited by 203
Metadata
- Authors
- Geniole, S. N., Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Brock University (CA)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCormick, Cheryl M.
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 137-145
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971705777
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 12.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Research Chairs
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- social exclusion, social inclusion, reactive aggression, testosterone, cortisol, neuroendocrine function, individual differences, Cyberball, Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, aggression prediction, men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aggression, Analysis of Variance, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychological Tests, Saliva, Social Behavior, Statistics as Topic, Testosterone, Young Adult
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