Chlorella Vulgaris Cultivation in Pilot-Scale to Treat Real Swine Wastewater and Mitigate Carbon Dioxide for Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Direct Enzymatic Transesterification
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This study firstly addressed real swine wastewater (RSW) treatment by an indigenous Chlorella vulgaris MBFJNU-1 in 5-m 3 outdoor open raceway ponds and then direct enzymatic transesterification of the resulting lipids from the wet biomass for sustainable biodiesel production. Compared to the control group, C. vulgaris MBFJNU-1 at 3% CO 2 achieved higher microalgal biomass (478.5 mg/L) and total fatty acids content (21.3%), higher CO 2 bio-fixation (63.2 mg/L/d) and lipid (9.1 mg/L/d) productivities, and greater nutrients removals (total nitrogen, 82.1%; total phosphorus, 28.4%; chemical oxygen demand, 37.1%). The highest biodiesel conversion (93.3%) was attained by enzymatic transesterification of wet disrupted Chlorella biomass with 5% lipase TL and 5% phospholipase PLA. Moreover, the enzymatic transesterification gave around 83% biodiesel conversion in a 15-L stirred tank bioreactor. Furthermore, the integrated process was a cost-effective approach to treat RSW and mitigate CO 2 for microalgal biodiesel production, based on the mass and energy balances analysis.
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- Authors
- Xie, D., Ji, X., Zhou, Y., Dai, J., He, Y., Sun, H., Guo, Z., Yang, Y., Zheng, X., & Chen, B.
- Affiliations
- Fujian Normal University (CN)
- Ocean University of China (CN)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- He, Yongjin
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 349
- Pages
- 126886
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4212983667
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.au.dk
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2019N0011, 2020N0008, 2021S0005)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172997)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- Chlorella vulgaris, swine wastewater treatment, microalgae cultivation, microalgae biodiesel, enzymatic transesterification, lipase, phospholipase, nutrient removal, raceway ponds, mass and energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbon Dioxide, Swine, Biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, Biofuels, Microalgae, Wastewater
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