Use of hydrogel coating to improve the performance of implanted glucose sensors
Abstract
In order to protect implanted glucose sensors from biofouling, novel hydrogels (146-217% water by mass) were developed based on a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate (DHPMA). The porosity and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were improved using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (VP) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The results of SEM and DSC FT-IT analyses showed that the hydrogel (VP30) produced from a monomeric mixture of 34.5% HEMA, 34.5% DHPMA, 30% VP and 1% EDGMA (mol%) had an excellent pore structure, high water content at swelling equilibrium (W eq=166% by mass) and acceptable mechanical properties. Two kinds of VP30-coated sensors, Pt/GOx/VP30 and Pt/GOx/epoxy-polyurethane (EPU)/VP30 sensors were examined in glucose solutions during a period of 4 weeks. The Pt/GOx/VP30 sensors produced large response currents but the response linearity was poor. Therefore, further studies were focused on the Pt/GOx/EPU/VP30 sensors. With a diffusion-limiting epoxy-polyurethane membrane, the linearity was improved (2-30 mM) and the response time was within 5 min. Eight Pt/GOx/EPU/VP30 sensors were subcutaneously implanted in rats and tested once per week over 4 weeks. All of the implanted sensors kept functioning for at least 21 days and 3 out of 8 sensors still functioned at day 28. Histology revealed that the fibrous capsules surrounding hydrogel-coated sensors were thinner than those surrounding Pt/GOx/EPU sensors after 28 days of implantation.
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Hydrogel-coated biosensors were still functional after 21 days, whereas only 13.5% of controls were still functional.
“Hydrogel-coated biosensors were still functional after 21 days whereas only 13.5% of the controls were still functional.147”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [147]
The longevity of hydrogel-coated biosensors was attributed to reduced fibrous encapsulation and immune cells adjacent to the hydrogel coating.
“Their longevity was attributed to reduced fibrous encapsulation and immune cells adjacent to the hydrogel-coated as revealed by histological analysis of the surrounding tissue.147”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [147]
The accuracy of hydrogel-coated biosensors was not examined, so the impact of the hydrogel coating on accuracy remains unclear.
“Even with these benefits, the accuracy was not examined and it is unclear what impact the hydrogel coating would provide in this respect.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [147]
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References 22 · Cited by 105
- Authors
- Yu, B., Wang, C., Ju, Y. M., West, L., Harmon, J., Moussy, Y., & Moussy, F.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moussy, Yvonne
- Moussy, Francis
- Venue
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1278-1284
- ISSN
- 0956-5663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079965274
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB001640)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- hydrogel coating, biofouling, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polymer hydrogels, glucose oxidase, platinum electrode, subcutaneous implantation, fibrous capsule formation, sensor stability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electrochemistry, Equipment Design, Glucose, Microelectrodes, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biosensing Techniques, Equipment Failure Analysis, Prostheses and Implants, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Hydrogels, Rats
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