The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Magnetic beads combined with carbon black-based screen-printed electrodes for COVID-19: A reliable and miniaturized electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva
Open accessAbstract
The diffusion of novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over the world generated COVID-19 pandemic event as reported by World Health Organization on March 2020. The huge issue is the high infectivity and the absence of vaccine and customised drugs allowing for hard management of this outbreak, thus a rapid and on site analysis is a need to contain the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we developed an electrochemical immunoassay for rapid and smart detection of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in saliva. The electrochemical assay was conceived for Spike (S) protein or Nucleocapsid (N) protein detection using magnetic beads as support of immunological chain and secondary antibody with alkaline phosphatase as immunological label. The enzymatic by-product 1-naphtol was detected using screen-printed electrodes modified with carbon black nanomaterial. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S and N protein in buffer solution and untreated saliva with a detection limit equal to 19 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL in untreated saliva, respectively for S and N protein. Its effectiveness was assessed using cultured virus in biosafety level 3 and in saliva clinical samples comparing the data using the nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested with Real-Time PCR. The agreement of the data, the low detection limit achieved, the rapid analysis (30 min), the miniaturization, and portability of the instrument combined with the easiness to use and no-invasive sampling, confer to this analytical tool high potentiality for market entry as the first highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 detection in untreated saliva.
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Cites
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
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“S protein is cleaved by a host cell furin-like protease into two separate polypeptides S1 and S2 and it is characterized by an affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) used as a receptor to infect human cells (Verdecchia et al., 2020; Xia et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSaliva or Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens for Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Wyllie, A. L., Fournier, J., Casanovas-Massana, A., Campbell, M., Tokuyama, M., Vijayakumar, P., Warren, J. L., Geng, B., Muenker, M. C., Moore, A. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2016359 · Cited by 1,169
Structures and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on intact virions
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Cited by
Jain, S., Nehra, M., Kumar, R., Dilbaghi, N., Hu, T., Kumar, S., Kaushik, A., & Li, C.-Z. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074 · Cited by 357
Dong, T., Matos Pires, N. M., Yang, Z., & Jiang, Z. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202205429 · Cited by 104
Metadata
- Authors
- Fabiani, L., Saroglia, M., Galatà, G., De Santis, R., Fillo, S., Luca, V., Faggioni, G., D'Amore, N., Regalbuto, E., Salvatori, P., Terova, G., Moscone, D., Lista, F., & Arduini, F.
- Venue
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 171
- Pages
- 112686
- ISSN
- 0956-5663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3089965698
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 9.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Fabiani, L., Saroglia, M., Galatà, G., De Santis, R., Fillo, S., Luca, V., Faggioni, G., D'Amore, N., Regalbuto, E., Salvatori, P., Terova, G., Moscone, D., Lista, F., & Arduini, F. (2021). Magnetic beads combined with carbon black-based screen-printed electrodes for COVID-19: A reliable and miniaturized electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112686
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