Regional brain cholecystokinin changes as a function of friendly and aggressive social interactions in rats
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most abundant neuropeptide in the mammalian brain, and has been implicated in the regulation of a diversity of emotions and motivations including negative affect and stress responses. In this experiment, we assayed levels of CCK (CCK4/5 and CCK8) from tissue homogenates in intruder animals 6 h after resident-intruder inter-male aggression. Intruder animals that demonstrated submissive behavior (freezing and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations) had higher levels of CCK in the tegmentum and posterior cortex as compared to non-submissive (i.e., "Friendly") intruder animals. Ultrasonic vocalizations (22-kHz) were positively correlated with CCK levels in the tegmentum, posterior cortex and pituitary. These data suggest that CCK may play a role in the generation of negative affective states indexed by 22-kHz ultrasonic calls in certain regions of the brain.
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A previous study observed that 22 kHz vocalizations occurred after the first bite during resident-intruder scenarios that resulted in submission, suggesting an association between 22 kHz calls and non-play fighting.
“A previous study observed that 22 kHz vocalizations occurred after the first bite during resident-intruder scenarios that resulted in submission, suggesting an association between 22 kHz calls and non-play fighting.32”
From Ultrasonic Vocalization Analysis as a Novel Metric to Assess Cage Enrichment in Rats (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
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Affective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans.
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Self-citationBurgdorf, J., Kroes, R. A., Moskal, J. R., Pfaus, J. G., Brudzynski, S. M., & Panksepp, J. (2008) · Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012889 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Self-citationBurgdorf, J., Panksepp, J., & Moskal, J. R. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.011 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
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Ultrasonic Vocalization Analysis as a Novel Metric to Assess Cage Enrichment in Rats
Bigelow, L. J., Cohen, A. J., Pimm, R., Knight, J. B., & Bernard, P. B. (2022) · Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science · doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000024 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J., Beinfeld, M. C., Kroes, R. A., & Moskal, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Panksepp, Jaak
- ORCID
- Moskal, Joseph R.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 1025
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 75-84
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031497015
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Falk Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH 066731-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- cholecystokinin, resident-intruder aggression, social interaction, submissiveness, negative affect, tegmentum, posterior cortex, pituitary gland, CCK-8, neuropeptides, stress response, rats
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Brain, Cholecystokinin, Dominance-Subordination, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Isolation, Vocalization, Animal, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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