CCK and NPY as anti-anxiety treatment targets: promises, pitfalls, and strategies
Abstract
Short CCK peptides elicit panic attacks in humans and anxiogenic-like effects in some animal models, but CCK receptor antagonists have not been found clinically effective. Yet CCK overactivity appears to be involved in submissive behaviour, and CCKB receptor expression and binding are increased in suicide victims and animal models of anxiety. Preliminary data suggest that involvement of CCK and its receptor subtypes in anxiety can be better described when focusing on distinct endophenotypes, and considering environmental contingencies and confounds originating from interactions with dopamin-, opioid- and glutamatergic neurotransmission. In contrast, NPY is an anti-anxiety peptide with robust effects in various animal models when administrated into several brain regions. Studies with non-peptide antagonists selective for receptor subtypes have revealed the role of endogenous NPY in active coping. At least Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors in various brain regions are involved, with the strongest evidence for contribution of Y1.
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CCK is used as a challenge agent to model anxiety disorders in humans and animals.
“Therefore, CCK is used as a challenge agent to model anxiety disorders in humans and animals (50).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Harro, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Corresponding author
- Harro, J.
- ORCID
- Harro, J.
- Venue
- Amino Acids
- Published
- 2006-06-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-230
- ISSN
- 0939-4451 (ISSN-L)
- 1438-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2003648621
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Amino Acids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, anxiety, CCK receptor antagonists, CCK-B receptor, Y1 receptor, Y2 receptor, Y5 receptor, panic attacks, submissiveness, suicide, endophenotypes, dopamine signaling, glutamatergic neurotransmission, active coping
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Cholecystokinin, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Neuropeptide Y, Receptors, Cholecystokinin, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Receptors, Neuropeptide Y
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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