The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for young children with anxiety disorders: Comparison of a Child + Parent condition versus a Parent Only condition
Abstract
The present study compared the efficacy of a group-based cognitive-behavioural treatment (GCBT) delivered exclusively to parents of young anxious children (between 4 and 8 years of age) with the same intervention delivered to both children and parents, relative to a Wait-list Control condition. Parents of children in the Parent Only condition (N = 25) received 10 weekly sessions of GCBT whereas children and parents in the Parent + Child condition (N = 24) each received 10 weekly sessions of GCBT. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that both active treatment conditions were superior to the Wait-list condition (N = 11), with 55.3% of children in the Parent Only condition and 54.8% of children in the Parent + Child condition no longer meeting criteria for their principal diagnosis at post-treatment. These treatment gains were maintained in both treatment conditions at six-month and 12-month follow-up assessments. There were no significant differences between the two active conditions on other outcome measures including parental psychopathology and parenting style. However, an unexpected finding was that parenting satisfaction and to some extent parenting competence reduced significantly from pre- to post-treatment regardless of the active treatment condition. The present results suggest that GCBT delivered exclusively to parents of young anxious children may be a viable treatment alternative for improving accessibility to efficacious treatments for children with anxiety disorders and for reducing costs associated with mental health care delivery.
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In the citing paper
“When subgroups depended on self/other-rating scales, excluding one study [17] that measured anxiety in children using an other-rated scale (clinical severity rating, CSR, doctor-rated) resulted in different effects.”
In the citing paper
“However, it remains unclear whether parent-only CBT interventions are effective for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder, and previous studies have produced conflicting findings [13, 16–18].”
In the citing paper
“This result may related to overstatement of improvement of anxiety symptoms by doctors.”
In the citing paper
“Waters reported that parents with high anxiety scores were more likely to drop out, both in the intervention group and the control group, but only a non-significant trend was observed on the DASS-42 Anxiety subscales from pre-treatment to post-treatment [17].”
In the citing paper
“And the results of a previous study suggest that the additional responsibility in the parent-only condition may explain the tendency to drop out in the parent-only condition.”
Citations
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“The ADIS-C-IV-C/P is the most commonly used diagnostic interview in childhood anxiety research, has shown good sensitivity to treatment effects (Barrett et al., 1996; Spence et al., 2000), and possesses sound psychometric properties (Rapee, Barrett, Dadds, & Evans, 1994; Silverman, Saavedra, & Pina, 2001).”
MethodResultNauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00200-6 · Cited by 763
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Items 101–119 of 119
Anxiety Disorders in Young Children
Monga, S., & Benoit, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04939-3_1 · Cited by 2
Verhaltenstherapie und psychopharmakologische Behandlung
Steinhausen, H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79545-2_49 · Cited by 2
English, A. C., Brady, M., Sanchez, A. L., & Becker‐Haimes, E. M. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13030413 · Cited by 1
Prevention of anxiety disorders
Allen, J. L., Creswell, C., & Murray, L. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139344456.028 · Cited by 1
Screening and Assessment Tools for Young Anxious Children
Monga, S., & Benoit, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04939-3_2 · Cited by 1
Silva, S. D., Seneviratne, S., & Samaranayake, D. (2023) · International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies · doi:10.52155/ijpsat.v39.2.5444 · Cited by 1
Approaching Big Fears in Little Kids
Smith, S. C., & Monga, S. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2024.08.004 · Cited by 1
Modifying the Family Environment
Waite, P., Parkinson, M., Willetts, L., & Creswell, C. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118500576.ch19 · Cited by 1
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Childhood Anxiety: Examining a Parent Consultation Model
Smith, A. (2013) · Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island) · doi:10.23860/diss-smith-allison-2013 · Cited by 1
Angstlidelser hos børn i et udviklingspsykopatologisk perspektiv – implikationer for behandling
Munk, L., Esbjørn, B. H., Tyle, M., Dittmann, H., Dutton, I. P., & Leth, I. (2010) · Psyke & Logos · doi:10.7146/pl.v31i2.8478
Rooke, S. M. (2017) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)
Current Evidence-Based Management
Monga, S., & Benoit, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04939-3_4
Freeman, K. J., & Farrell, L. J. (2025) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2025.06.006
Chen, G., Liu, X., Chen, J., Liu, Z. H., & Long, Y. (2026) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70234
Parent-Led Interventions for Anxiety
Vidair, H. B., Walsh, O. A., Rivard-Lentz, K. M., & Terjesen, M. D. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29009-1.00118-9
Understanding the bidirectional associations between parenting and child anxiety
Yap, M. B. H., Cardamone-Breen, M. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2026) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-026-00618-2
Ewing, D. L. (2014) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)
Metadata
- Authors
- Waters, A. M., Ford, L. A., Wharton, T. A., & Cobham, V. E.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Waters, Allison M.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 654-662
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076863489
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, childhood anxiety disorders, young children, waitlist control, treatment efficacy, maintenance therapy, parenting satisfaction, parenting competence, parental psychopathology, parenting styles, access to mental health care, cost reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Patient Dropouts, Personal Satisfaction, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Group, Waiting Lists, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Parenting, Intention to Treat Analysis
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