Photographic assessment of burn wounds: A simple strategy in a resource-poor setting
Open accessAbstract
Objective To validate the use of photographic burn wound assessment in evaluation of burn size and wound characteristics.Methods Feasibility study of agreement between methods of measurement of burn size and characteristics, in patients admitted to the burn unit at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Malawi, over two months in 2011. Burn wounds were photographed and assessed clinically, concurrently, by an experienced clinician. Photographs reviewed by two blinded burn clinicians after 4-6 weeks. Correlation between clinical assessment and photographic evaluation was calculated using kappa score and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results Thirty-nine patients were included in evaluation of TBSA, and fifty wounds assessed for their characteristics. Pearson's correlation coefficient for agreement of TBSA between clinical exam and photograph review by expert#1, and #2, was 0.96, 0.93 (p<0.001), respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients comparing expert#1 and #2 to the gold standard were: proportion of full-thickness burn (0.88 and 0.81, p<0.001), and epithelialized superficial burn (0.89 and 0.55, p<0.001). Kappa scores were significant for wound evolution (expert#1 0.57, expert#2 0.64, p<0.001), and prognosis (expert#1 0.80, expert#2 0.80, p<0.001).Conclusions Burn assessment with digital photography is a valid and affordable alternative to direct clinical exam, alleviating access issues to burn care in developing countries.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
An important feature of most mHealth interventions was that interactions between participants usually took place on the basis of standardized information exchange protocols.
“An important feature of most mHealth interventions was that interactions between participants usually took place on the basis of standardized information exchange protocols [36, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45–47, 49, 52, 54].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Almost all included studies highlighted that mHealth interventions facilitate access to previously unavailable services.
“In fact, almost all included studies highlighted this characteristic feature of mHealth interventions [20, 36–51].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Participating patients or providers usually required only a few days of training on how to use the mobile technology and the consultation procedures.
“Participating patients or providers usually required only a few days of training on how to use the mobile technology (such as the mobile phone and its application software) and the consultation procedures [41, 43, 46–48, 50, 55].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
In 12 included studies, mHealth interventions essentially consisted of mobile phone-based consultations between two healthcare providers, where a specialized provider could be reached by another provider, indirectly improving patient access to specialized care.
“In 12 studies, mHealth interventions essentially consisted of mobile phone-based consultations between two healthcare providers, where a specialized provider could be reached by another provider, thus indirectly improving patient access to specialized care [36, 38–43, 45, 47–49, 52].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Specialized providers found mHealth easier to use in the context of certain disease conditions (acne, herpes simplex, Kaposi's sarcoma, and flame burns in dermatology) than in others (scald burns, thickness wounds, and atopic dermatitis).
“However, specialized providers found mHealth easier to use in the context of certain disease conditions, such as acne, herpes simplex, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and flame burns in dermatology, than in others (scald burns, thickness wounds, and atopic dermatitis) [36, 43] and easier for certain diagnostic and treatment tasks (sharing feedback with patients, continuous clinical follow-ups) than for others (”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Specialized providers found mHealth easier for certain diagnostic and treatment tasks (sharing feedback with patients, continuous clinical follow-ups) than for others (conducting physical examinations, special tests, and probing for additional information).
“However, specialized providers found mHealth easier to use in the context of certain disease conditions, such as acne, herpes simplex, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and flame burns in dermatology, than in others (scald burns, thickness wounds, and atopic dermatitis) [36, 43] and easier for certain diagnostic and treatment tasks (sharing feedback with patients, continuous clinical follow-ups) than for others (”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Over-burdening workload contributed to specialized providers' perceived usefulness of mHealth.
“Also for (specialized) providers, several need factors contributed to the perceived usefulness of the intervention, including, for example, an over-burdening workload [20, 36, 38–41, 43, 45, 47, 50] and a lack of adequate referral and transport systems [38, 46, 47].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Assurance of privacy was an enabling resource for patients.
“Other enabling resources were assurance of privacy [43, 48], support from partners/relatives [51, 55], reduced costs of travel, and reduced time away from home or work [24, 50–53].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Using technologies from basic SMS to smartphones, built-in camera, and battery-saving apps was associated with healthcare providers' perception that mHealth was easy to use.
“The same enabling resources — easy portability and operability [36, 39], using technologies from basic SMS to smartphones, built-in camera, and battery-saving apps [41, 43, 45, 52] — were also found to be associated with the perception among healthcare providers that mHealth was easy to use.”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Availability of policy guidelines regarding data protection, phone usage, etc. was one of the most important enabling resources for specialized healthcare providers.
“For (specialized) healthcare providers, the most important enabling resources were a tolerable additional workload [40, 46, 47], the use of financial incentives [47, 55], and the availability of policy guidelines regarding data protection, phone usage, etc. [40, 43, 45, 52].”
From A realist review of mobile phone-based health interventions for non-communicable disease management in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
Cites
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148 · see citing works
The International Telecommunication Union
Jones, R. W. (2002) · Digest - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. International Symposium · doi:10.1109/aps.1997.631791 · Cited by 1,910 · see citing works
Epidemiology of burns throughout the world. Part I: Distribution and risk factors
Peck, M. D. (2011) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2011.06.005 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Evers, L. H., Bhavsar, D., & Mailänder, P. (2010) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01105.x · Cited by 403 · see citing works
The Phenomenon of “Fluid Creep” in Acute Burn Resuscitation
Saffle, J. R. (2007) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/bcr.0b013e318053d3a1 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Risk factors for burns in children: crowding, poverty, and poor maternal education
Delgado, J., Ramirez-Cardich, M. E., Gilman, R. H., Lavarello, R., Dahodwala, N. A., Bazán, A., Rodríguez, V., Cama, R., Tovar, M. A., & Lescano, A. G. (2002) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.8.1.38 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE REQUIREMENTS IN SEVERE BURNS
Evans, E. I., Purnell, O. J., ROBINETT, P. W., Batchelor, A. D. R., & Martin, M. M. (1952) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-195206000-00006 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Legal and ethical aspects of telemedicine
Stanberry, B. (2006) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/135763306777488825 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Telemedicine Evaluation of Acute Burns Is Accurate and Cost-Effective
Saffle, J. R., Edelman, L., Theurer, L., Morris, S. E., & Cochran, A. (2009) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181ae9b02 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
A global study of hospitalized paediatric burn patients
Burd, A. R., & Yuen, C. (2005) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2005.02.016 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Transfers from Emergency Room to Burn Center
HAMMOND, J. S., & Ward, C. (1987) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-198710000-00011 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Controversies in fluid resuscitation for burn management: Literature review and our experience
Fodor, L., Fodor, A., Ramon, Y., Shoshani, O., Rissin, Y., & Ullmann, Y. (2005) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.06.037 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Collis, N., Smith, G., & Fenton, O. M. (1999) · Burns · doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(99)00007-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Parbhoo, A., Louw, Q. A., & Grimmer, K. A. (2009) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.215 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Injuries at a Tertiary Care Center in Malawi
Samuel, J. C., Akinkuotu, A. C., Villaveces, A., Charles, A. G., Lee, C. N., Hoffman, I., Miller, W. C., Baloyi, P., Hoffman, M., Brown, L. B., et al. (2009) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0113-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationTelemedicine: medical, legal and ethical perspectives.
Clark, P. A., Capuzzi, K. M., & Harrison, J. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Resuscitation in shock associated with burns. Tradition or evidence-based medicine?
Holm, C. (2000) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00159-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The spectrum and outcome of burns at a regional hospital in South Africa
Allorto, N. L., Oosthuizen, G., Clarke, D., & Muckart, D. J. J. (2009) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2009.01.004 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mobile phones for the assessment of burns: we have the technology
Shokrollahi, K., Sayed, M., Dickson, W. A., & Potokar, T. S. (2007) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emj.2007.046730 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Burden of Surgical Disease: Does the Literature Reflect the Scope of the International Crisis?
Taira, B. R., McQueen, K., & Burkle, F. M. (2009) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-009-9981-x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Update on the Critical Care Management of Severe Burns
Kasten, K. R., Makley, A. T., & Kagan, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066610390869 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Samuel, J., Campbell, E., Mjuweni, S., Muyco, A. P., Cairns, B., & Charles, A. (2011) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323001103900321 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationThe reliability of digital images when used to assess burn wounds
Jones, O. C., Wilson, D. I., & Andrews, S. (2003) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/135763303322196213 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Laing, H., Morgan, B. D., & Sanders, R. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 53 · see citing works
An Initial Experience with Telemedicine in Follow-up Burn Care
Redlick, F., Roston, B., Gómez, M., & Fish, J. S. (2002) · Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00004630-200203000-00007 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Türk, E., Karagülle, E., Aydoğan, C., Oğuz, H., Tarım, A., Karakayalı, H., & Haberal, M. A. (2010) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2010.10.004 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Resuscitation burn card—A useful tool for burn injury assessment
Malic, C., Karoo, R. O. S., Austin, O., & Phipps, A. (2007) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2006.07.019 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Burns follow-up: An innovative application of telemedicine
Massman, N., Dodge, J., Fortman, K. K., Schwartz, K. J., & Solem, L. D. (1999) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/1357633991932540 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Initial Resuscitation After Burn Injury: Therapies, Strategies, and Controversies
Ahrns, K. S., & Harkins, D. R. (1999) · AACN Clinical Issues Advanced Practice in Acute & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00044067-199902000-00005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The establishment of a burns unit in a developing country – a collaborative venture in Malawi
Stevenson, J. H., Borgstein, E. S., Hasselt, E. V., & Falconer, I. (1999) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1054/bjps.1999.3114 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Burns in children: do casualty officers get it right?
Irwin, L. R., Reid, C. A., & McLean, N. R. (1993) · Injury · doi:10.1016/0020-1383(93)90291-d · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The ethics of telemedicine. Unique nature of virtual encounters calls for special sensitivities.
Nelson, W. A. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Presentation and management of burn injuries in Malawi
Virich, G., & Lavy, C. (2006) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2006.15.7.26931 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ethics in Telemedicine Research
Merrell, R. C., & Doarn, C. R. (2009) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2009.9992 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Opoku, D., Stephani, V., & Quentin, W. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0782-z · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Imaging Techniques for Clinical Burn Assessment with a Focus on Multispectral Imaging
Thatcher, J. E., Squiers, J. J., Kanick, S. C., King, D. R., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Mohan, R., Sellke, E. W., & DiMaio, J. M. (2016) · Advances in Wound Care · doi:10.1089/wound.2015.0684 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Survival after burn in a sub-Saharan burn unit: Challenges and opportunities
Tyson, A. F., Boschini, L. P., Kiser, M., Samuel, J. C., Mjuweni, S. N., Cairns, B. A., & Charles, A. G. (2013) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2013.04.013 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationSmart phones make smart referrals
den Hollander, D., & Mars, M. (2016) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2016.07.015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A Smartphone App and Cloud-Based Consultation System for Burn Injury Emergency Care
Wallis, L. A., Fleming, J., Hasselberg, M., Laflamme, L., & Lundin, J. E. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147253 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Timing of early excision and grafting following burn in sub-Saharan Africa
Gallaher, J. R., Mjuweni, S., Shah, M., Cairns, B. A., & Charles, A. G. (2015) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2015.02.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Seizure Disorders in Burn Injury and Outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa
Boschini, L. P., Tyson, A. F., Samuel, J. C., Kendig, C. E., Mjuweni, S., Varela, C., Cairns, B. A., & Charles, A. G. (2014) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/bcr.0000000000000026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of seasonality on burn incidence, severity and outcome in Central Malawi
Tyson, A. F., Gallaher, J. R., Mjuweni, S., Cairns, B. A., & Charles, A. G. (2017) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2017.01.037 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationBoissin, C., Laflamme, L., Wallis, L., Fleming, J., & Hasselberg, M. (2015) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2014.12.014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Barnett, B. S., Mulenga, M., Kiser, M., & Charles, A. G. (2016) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2016.09.027 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationHaghighi, M. H. H., & Alipour, J. (2023) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2023.07.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Blom, L., Laflamme, L., & Alvesson, H. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194278 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Opoku, D., Busse, R., & Quentin, W. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/11497 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Quinn, E. M., Corrigan, M. A., O’Mullane, J., Murphy, D., Lehane, E. A., Leahy‐Warren, P., Coffey, A., McCluskey, P., Redmond, H. P., & Fulton, G. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078786 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Utility of Telehealth Platforms Applied to Burns Management: A Systematic Review
García-Díaz, A., Vilardell-Roig, L., Novillo-Ortiz, D., Gacto-Sánchez, P., Rodríguez, J., & Saigí-Rubió, F. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043161 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Blom, L., Boissin, C., Allorto, N. L., Wallis, L. A., Hasselberg, M., & Laflamme, L. (2017) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-017-0151-4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2013
Becker, T. K., Jacquet, G. A., Marsh, R. H., Schroeder, E. D., Foran, M. P., Bartels, S. A., Duber, H. C., Cockrell, H. C., Levine, A. C., & the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group (2014) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12414 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Diagnostic accuracy of a telemedicine tool for acute burns diagnosis
Gacto-Sánchez, P., Molina-Morales, J., Rodríguez-Vela, F., Moreno-Conde, J., Sendin-Martin, M., Parra-Calderon, C., Gomez-Cía, T., & Pereyra-Rodriguez, J. J. (2020) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2020.05.020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gallaher, J. R., Banda, W., Robinson, B., Purcell, L. N., & Charles, A. G. (2020) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05684-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBurn Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Charles, A. G., Gallaher, J. R., & Cairns, B. A. (2017) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2017.02.007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPediatric burn care in sub-Saharan Africa
Albertyn, R., Numanoğlu, A., & Rode, H. (2014) · African Journal of Trauma · doi:10.4103/1597-1112.154921 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wound Measurement Tools and Techniques: A Review
Wendland, D. M., & Taylor, D. W. M. (2017) · Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jat.0000000000000050 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gosselin, R. A., Charles, A. G., Joshipura, M., Mkandawire, N. C., Mock, C., Price, R. R., & Spiegel, D. A. (2015) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8_ch3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBlom, L. (2020) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2020.1802951 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Boissin, C. (2022) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2022.2067389 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Clark, N. M., Agoubi, L. L., Gibbs, S. M., Stewart, B. T., deGrauw, X., Vavilala, M. S., Rivara, F. P., Arbabi, S., & Pham, T. N. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1097/xcs.0000000000000854 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tran, D. P., Arnold, D. H., Thompson, C. M., Richmond, N. J., Gondek, S. P., & Kidd, R. S. (2021) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/irab131 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Implementation evaluation of tiered tele-triage pathways for burn center consultations and transfers
Agoubi, L. L., Clark, N. M., Gibbs, S. M., Stewart, B. T., deGrauw, X., Vavilala, M. S., Rivara, F. P., Arbabi, S., & Pham, T. N. (2023) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000004202 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Re-evaluation of the Effect of Age on In-hospital Burn Mortality in a Resource-Limited Setting
Gallaher, J. R., Purcell, L. N., Banda, W., Reid, T. D. S., & Charles, A. G. (2020) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.074 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of a known object in a static image of a burn to improve the burn size estimation
Smith, K. M., Poterlowicz, K., Southern, S. J., Mahajan, A. L., & Jivan, S. (2021) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2020.12.023 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Telemedicine in Pediatric Critical Care: At Home and Abroad
Murtha, T. D., Hooper, M. C., & Canarie, M. F. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-017-0093-9
Mueller, P. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/bpxq-w158
The Association Between Burn Unit Census and Operative Intervention in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Gallaher, J. R., Purcell, L. N., Banda, W., Reid, T. D. S., & Charles, A. G. (2021) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-021-06037-z
Self-citationSTUDI RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN APLUBA MOBILE APLIKASI PERAWATAN LUKA BAKAR PADA PASIEN
PRATIWI, E. R., Apriyanto, F., & SEDIAWAN, M. L. (2023) · Media Husada Journal Of Nursing Science · doi:10.33475/mhjns.v4i2.137
Telemedicine in Burn Care: Assessing Surgeons' Proficiency
Shahdadi, H., Shahrahmani, F., Rezayi, S., & Mohamadi, A. A. (2024) · Telemedicine Reports · doi:10.1089/tmr.2024.0018
Faramarzi, S., Hashemi, S., Pirouz, L. R., Ashrafpour, K., Yazdani, A., & Erfannia, L. (2025) · Burns Open · doi:10.1016/j.burnso.2025.100436
- Authors
- Kiser, M., Beijer, G., Mjuweni, S., Muyco, A., Cairns, B., & Charles, A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Kamuzu Central Hospital (MW)
- Corresponding author
- Charles, Anthony
- Venue
- Burns
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 155-161
- ISSN
- 0305-4179 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128014575
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Burns (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Digital Imaging in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- burn wound assessment, digital photography, burn size estimation, total body surface area, third-degree burns, wound characteristics, burn prognosis, interobserver agreement, resource-limited settings
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Burns, Child, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Malawi, Male, Photography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
