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Structures of Lung Cancer-Derived EGFR Mutants and Inhibitor Complexes: Mechanism of Activation and Insights into Differential Inhibitor Sensitivity
Open accessAbstract
Mutations in the EGFR kinase are a cause of non-small-cell lung cancer. To understand their mechanism of activation and effects on drug binding, we studied the kinetics of the L858R and G719S mutants and determined their crystal structures with inhibitors including gefitinib, AEE788, and a staurosporine. We find that the mutations activate the kinase by disrupting autoinhibitory interactions, and that they accelerate catalysis as much as 50-fold in vitro. Structures of inhibitors in complex with both wild-type and mutant kinases reveal similar binding modes for gefitinib and AEE788, but a marked rotation of the staurosporine in the G719S mutant. Strikingly, direct binding measurements show that gefitinib binds 20-fold more tightly to the L858R mutant than to the wild-type enzyme.
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“The exquisite sensitivity of EGFR-L858R and exon 19 deletions to EGFR TKIs stems from two effects: their enhanced intrinsic affinity for these TKIs and their markedly decreased affinity for substrate ATP 38,39.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Examination of the homology model of the inactive state suggests a mechanism of activation related to that of L858R 38.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Beyond this glycine, the conformation of the polypeptide chain is quite similar to that of the WT and L858R kinases 38”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“EGFR mutations are expected to activate the EGFR by destabilizing the inactive form of EGFR without ligand stimulation [7–9].”
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“The current study was designed to address the following mechanistic questions related to the clinical efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib: (1) Are differences in drug responsiveness observed in EGFR autophosphorylation patterns for individual tyrosines in 32D cells expressing WT and L858R forms of EGFR? ; (2) Are some…”
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Tumor Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies and Induction of T-Cell Immunity
Trivedi, S., Jie, H.-B., & Ferris, R. L. (2014) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.08.003 · Cited by 18
“The cell surface targets for these antibodies in higher concentration in malignant cells compared to healthy cells.(13) Binding of these mAbs to their cognate receptors results in blockade of downstream signal transduction and subsequent inhibition of proliferative, survival and antiapoptotic pathways.”
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Ornnork, N., Kiriwan, D., Lirdprapamongkol, K., Choowongkomon, K., Svasti, J., & Eurtivong, C. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107639 · Cited by 18
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van de Stadt, E. A., Yaqub, M. M., Schuit, R. C., Bartelink, I. H., Leeuwerik, A. F., Schwarte, L. A., Langen, A. J. D., Hendrikse, H., & Bahce, I. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12040883 · Cited by 18
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Targeting EGFR mutants with non-cognate kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
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“…(Clark et al., 2005), such as the G719S and L858R that confer constitutive activation for the kinase by disrupting its auto inhibitory interactions (Yun et al., 2007), and the ‘‘gatekeeper’’ mutation T790M that has been reported to primarily associate with acquired drug resistance by increasing…”
BackgroundGültaş, M., Düzgün, G., Herzog, S., Jäger, S., Meckbach, C., Wingender, E., & Waack, S. (2014) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-96 · Cited by 18
“10 of the QCMF-significant residue sites are in contact with either catalytic residues or critical active site regions for gefitinib binding site in wild type EGFR kinase [34,37,48] (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).”
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“The docking approaches were validated with three known inhibitors from crystal structure complexes; erlotinib, gefitinib and AEE788 (PDB code: 1M17, 2ITO and 2J6M) [26, 30 ].”
BackgroundMethodEpithelial NF-κB signaling promotes EGFR-driven lung carcinogenesis via macrophage recruitment
Saxon, J. A., Sherrill, T. P., Polosukhin, V. V., Sai, J., Zaynagetdinov, R., McLoed, A. G., Gulleman, P. M., Barham, W. J., Cheng, D., Hunt, R. P., et al. (2016) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2016.1168549 · Cited by 18
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“The L858R or G719S and G719S/T790M double mutations in the EGFR kinase domain were recently reported [10,11].”
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“The P-loop of EGFR is involved in ATP binding, while the conformationally sensitive autoinhibitory C-helix plays a regulatory role in controlling EGFR enzymatic activity (Yun et al., 2007; Ruan and Kannan, 2018).”
BackgroundCombating Acquired Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Lovly, C. M. (2015) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e165 · Cited by 19
“The T790M mutation is thought to confer TKI resistance through steric hindrance which interferes with drug binding and/or through alterations in the ATP affinity of the EGFR kinase (24).”
BackgroundGolani, L. K., Mian, M. Y., Ahmed, T., Pandey, K. P., Mondal, P., Sharmin, D., Rezvanian, S., Witkin, J. M., & Cook, J. M. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128637 · Cited by 18
Identification of Genetic Mutations in Human Lung Cancer by Targeted Sequencing
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“Thus, the genes related to EGFR signaling pathway are candidates for targeted therapies, as exemplified by the treatment of lung ADC having EGFR mutations with tyrosine kinase inhibitors [40, 41].”
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“Ge fi ti-nib binds to the ATP binding site of EGFR and suppresses its phos-phorylations in the presence of EGF 45,46 .”
BackgroundEGFR: New Insights on Its Activation and Mutation in Tumor and Tumor Immunotherapy
Gu, Y., He, H., Qiao, S., Shao, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., & Zhou, F. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202505785 · Cited by 19
Combination of EGFR-TKIs and Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Advanced NSCLC: A Meta-Analysis
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“Based on the kinetics of the wild type and mutant kinases in vitro, the L858R mutant was 50-fold more active than the wild-type kinase [26].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yun, C.-H., Boggon, T. J., Li, Y., Woo, M. S., Greulich, H., Meyerson, M., & Eck, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eck, Michael J.
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-227
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1939942
- OpenAlex
- W2111109297
- Cited by
- 1,192
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 40.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CA116020, CA080942)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- EGFR, non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR mutation, L858R, kinase activation, gefitinib, AEE788, staurosporine, kinase inhibitor binding, crystal structure, catalytic acceleration, inhibitor sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Gefitinib, Lapatinib, Antineoplastic Agents, Binding Sites, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Protein Conformation, Purines, Quinazolines, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Crystallography, X-Ray, Staurosporine, ErbB Receptors
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