Integrated technique of pulsed laser irradiation and sonochemical processes for the production of highly surface-active NiPd spheres

Upon laser irradiation in liquid, solvated electrons and free radicals such as H• and OH• are generated, and e−liquid and H• act as reducing agents for reduction of metal salts into corresponding metal NPs.

“Upon laser irradiation in liquid (solvents: water or organic solvents), solvated electrons (e−liquid) and free radicals such as H•, and OH• are generated (Eq. (1)), where e−liquid and H• act as reducing agents for the reduction of metal salts into corresponding metal NPs, as shown in Eq. (2)1,11.”

During PLI, formation of metal or alloy NPs via irradiation of nonfocused laser beams on metal salts as precursor solution is ascribed to optically induced decomposition of solvents without utilizing any other chemical reducing agents (photoreduction).

“During the PLI process, the formation of metal or alloy NPs via irradiation of nonfocused laser beams on the concerning metal salts as the precursor solution is ascribed to the optically induced decomposition of solvents without utilizing any other chemical reducing agents, which is called photoreduction.”

The pulsed laser-assisted synthetic route offers many degrees of parameter control and advantages over conventional routes to control fine-tuning of size, composition, surface, and crystalline structures associated with catalytic, electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties.

“The pulsed laser-assisted synthetic route offers many degrees of parameter control (i.e., pulsed laser wavelength, power, reaction time duration, laser pulse repetition rate, and solvent) and possesses several advantages over conventional chemical and physical synthetic routes to control the fine-tuning of size, composition, surface, and crystalline structures associated with catalytic, electronic”

PLI-based Ni-Pd alloy showed excellent HER performance in KOH solution with an overpotential of 38 mV at 1 mA cm−2.

“The prepared PLI-based Ni-Pd alloy has been characterized for its application in HER, and it showed excellent performance in KOH solution with an overpotential value of 38 mV at 1 mA cm−2.”

In alkaline media, carbonate replaces other interlayer anions in [NiFe]-LDH nanosheets, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity, and oxidation activity was related to the pKa of the conjugate acid of the interlayer anions.

“suggested that, in alkaline media, carbonate replaces other interlayer anions, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. The oxidation activity was related to the pKa of the conjugate acid of the interlayer anions.”