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Generation of Tumor-Reactive T Cells by Co-culture of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Tumor Organoids
Open accessAbstract
Cancer immunotherapies have shown substantial clinical activity for a subset of patients with epithelial cancers. Still, technological platforms to study cancer T-cell interactions for individual patients and understand determinants of responsiveness are presently lacking. Here, we establish and validate a platform to induce and analyze tumor-specific T cell responses to epithelial cancers in a personalized manner. We demonstrate that co-cultures of autologous tumor organoids and peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used to enrich tumor-reactive T cells from peripheral blood of patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these T cells can be used to assess the efficiency of killing of matched tumor organoids. This platform provides an unbiased strategy for the isolation of tumor-reactive T cells and provides a means by which to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
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“In addition, ex vivo coculture systems utilizing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes cocultured with patient-derived organoids provide valuable platforms to interrogate human-specific immune responses to phage-delivered antigens or immunotherapies [111–113]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [112]
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“…the co-culture of organoids with immune cells isolated from autologous tumor tissues or peripheral blood of healthy donors represents an attractive approach to exploring the interaction between the immune system and tumors and to predicting the response of patients to immunotherapy [17].”
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Seghers, S., Compte, M. L., Hendriks, J. M. H., Schil, P. E. V., Janssens, A., Wener, R. R. L., Komen, N., Prenen, H., & Deben, C. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104285 · Cited by 12
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Exploring tumor organoids for cancer treatment
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“Innovations such as 3D printing have led to simpler culture vessels that allow for larger volumes of colorectal cancer microtissues with continuous perfusion, enhancing the relevance of these systems.”
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Modeling colorectal cancers using multidimensional organoids
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“T cells expanded from adjacent healthy epithelial tissues resulted in undisturbed organoid expansion without a significant level of organoid cytotoxicity (104).”
BackgroundOrganoids as a Model for Precision Medicine in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Where Are We Today?
Gao, Y., Julio, M. K., Peng, R., & Dorn, P. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14153758 · Cited by 12
“In addition, PDOs are increasingly being used to investigate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis [64–68], the tumor microenvironment (TME) [69], infection–cancer progression [69–71], cancer metastasis [71,72], and immunological cancer research [69,70,73,74].”
BackgroundWang, X., Yang, X., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Shang, S., Wang, W., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15010251 · Cited by 11
Applications for Colon Organoid Models in Cancer Research
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Engineering Challenges and Opportunities in Autologous Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy
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Future perspectives from lung cancer pre-clinical models: new treatments are coming?
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“Further facilitating these objectives, organoid co-culture systems are being rapidly developed and initial successes have been reported on fibroblast and T cells [72].”
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In vitro vascularized immunocompetent patient-derived model to test cancer therapies
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“63 After having checked the quality of PBMCs, 50,000 PBMCs were added for each PDT and then stimulated with IL-2.”
MethodCui, H., Zhao, Y., Han, Y., Lan, Z., Zou, K., Cheng, G., Chen, H. H., Zhong, P., Chen, Y. X., Ma, L.-M., et al. (2024) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.025 · Cited by 10
Modelling esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s esophagus with patient-derived organoids
Milne, J. V., Mustafa, E. H., & Clemons, N. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1382070 · Cited by 10
Amhis, N., Carignan, J., & Tai, L. (2024) · Molecular Therapy Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.omton.2024.200825 · Cited by 10
“119 Given the expandability of PDOs from tumor biopsies, the ability to cultivate tumor-reactive T cells through co-culture with PDOs presents a novel avenue for TIL therapy in patients with unresectable diseases.”
BackgroundApplications and evolution of 3D cancer-immune cell models
Co, I. L., Fomina, A., Nurse, M., & McGuigan, A. P. (2024) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.008 · Cited by 10
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“This platform not only provides insights into tumor-immune interactions but also paves the way for developing patient-specific T cell-based therapies and combinatory treatment strategies [35].”
BackgroundThe rise of patient avatars in precision oncology
Ehlen, L., & Schmueck‐Henneresse, M. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02335-8 · Cited by 10
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RetractedApplication and prospect of organoid technology in breast cancer
Huang, S., Mei, Z., Wan, A., Zhao, M., & Qi, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413858 · Cited by 11
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Colorectal Organoids: Models, Imaging, Omics, Therapy, Immunology, and Ethics
Taglieri, M., Gregorio, L. D., Matis, S., Uras, C. R. M., Ardy, M., Casati, S., Marchese, M., Poggi, A. D., Raffaghello, L., & Benelli, R. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14060457 · Cited by 12
“Based on a series of 15 mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) CRC organoids leading to MSI, it has been shown that co-culture with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can generate tumor-specific reactivity [31].”
InfluentialSong, S., Li, B., Carvalho, M. R., Wang, H., Mao, D., Wei, J., Chen, W., Weng, Z.-H., Chen, Y., Deng, C., et al. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108276 · Cited by 9
Moving toward precision medicine with lung cancer organoids
Kim, J., & Minna, J. D. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100952 · Cited by 10
Xue, B., Schüler, J. B., Harrod, C. M., Lashuk, K., Bomya, Z., & Hribar, K. C. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12081145 · Cited by 12
“In one study, tumors were stimulated with IFNg prior to culture with PBMCs and anti-PD1, and this process was repeated for several weeks to generate tumor-reactive T cells with a demonstrated killing capacity [31].”
MethodIslam, S. M. R., Maeda, T., Tamaoki, N., Good, M. L., Kishton, R. J., Paria, B. C., Yu, Z., Bosch‐Marcé, M., Bedanova, N. M., Liu, C., et al. (2023) · Cancer Research Communications · doi:10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0265 · Cited by 10
Organoids: approaches and utility in cancer research
Zhou, B., Feng, Z., Xu, J., & Xie, J. (2023) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002477 · Cited by 10
“Although Sachs’s group optimized the culture medium to improve the culture success rate of breast cancer organoid,([61]) it remains unclear whether this method can meet the criteria for other types of tumor organoids.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, M., Fang, Y., Fu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Zhu, Z., Ni, Y., Yao, M., Pan, Q., Cao, W., et al. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6408 · Cited by 10
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“To obtain tumor-reactive T cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes can be a source.(13) Co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with matched tumor organoids can generate a patient-specific model system for capturing tumor-specific T cell responses to cancers in a personalized manner.”
BackgroundLi, Z., Pu, H., Liang, Y., You, D., Liang, Y., Wu, Z., Zhang, D., Tu, C., 金从国, Song, Q., et al. (2019) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3501023 · Cited by 10
Shembrey, C., Behrenbruch, C., Loveday, B. P. T., Heriot, A. G., Foroutan, M., & Hollande, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011247 · Cited by 10
“Indeed, recent studies have reported that 40% of patient-derived CRC organoids exhibit MHC-I loss which could not be rescued by IFN stimulation (20), concordant with clinical reports of MHC-I loss in approximately 60% of MSI CRCs (21).”
BackgroundBreakthrough Moments: Organoid Models of Cancer
Chan, A., Yan, H. H. N., & Leung, S. Y. (2019) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.006 · Cited by 10
Next-Generation Modeling of Cancer Using OrganoidsPreprint
Love, J. R., & Karthaus, W. R. (2023) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041380 · Cited by 9
Xu, H., Hao, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Li, J., Chen, L., Yao, N., Qian, B., Peng, X., & Zhan, X. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38373-6 · Cited by 9
Progress and perspective of organoid technology in breast cancer research
Huang, C., & Jin, H. (2024) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000002889 · Cited by 9
“In 2018, Dijk-stra et al [29] tried to co-culture tumor organoids and immune cells to simulate parts of the immune characteristics of the tumor microenvironment.”
BackgroundInfluentialKim, S., Yun, S., Doh, J., & Kim, H. N. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202400475 · Cited by 10
Majumder, B., Nataraj, N. B., Maitreyi, L., & Datta, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414376 · Cited by 10
“CRC-driven models are well represented in this new era of ex vivo technology (65, 155, 203 – 206) and Figure 4.”
BackgroundInfluentialPreclinical Models for Functional Precision Lung Cancer Research
Zeng, J., Kiss, Z., Ma, W., Liang, R., & Li, T. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17010022 · Cited by 10
“…that co-culturing the autologous tumor organoids with PBMCs indeed can provide an unbiased strategy for the isolation of tumor-reactive T cells and can provide a means by which one can assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient [129].”
Bhutani, B., Sharma, V., Ganguly, N. K., & Rana, R. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117987 · Cited by 9
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“Studies have shown that T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells play essential roles in tumor defense [7, 8].”
Rios-Morris, E., Ngaffi, V. T., Costagliola, S., & Romitti, M. (2025) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1530/etj-24-0392 · Cited by 9
“When re-exposed to PDTOs, these tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells induced a substantial reduction in organoid size and widespread apoptosis, demonstrating their ability to suppress carcinogenesis (63).”
Revilla, S. A., Cutilli, A., Cambiaso, E., Rockx-Brouwer, D., Frederiks, C. L., Falandt, M., Levato, R., Kranenburg, O., Lindemans, C. A., Coffer, P. J., et al. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113234 · Cited by 9
Parabiosis, Assembloids, Organoids (PAO)
Hong, Y., Li, L., Yan, L., Bai, L., Su, J., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202511671 · Cited by 9
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., & Liu, X. (2025) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.1080/15384047.2025.2567802 · Cited by 11
“31 In another research, Tristan et al. analyzed heterotypic co-cultures of human CRC PDOs with immune cells from self-peripheral blood to assess the infiltration, activation, and function of T and natural killer (NK) cells in human CRC in vitro and they revealed the anti-tumor potential of…”
Recent Insights into Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications
Dayem, A. A., Kwak, Y., Jeun, H., & Cho, S. (2025) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm15100492 · Cited by 12
“The addition of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, has been shown to enhance the modeling of inflammation, immune surveillance, and tumor–immune interactions [242,243].”
Córdoba, L., Cueto, F. J., Cantero-Cid, R., Moret, R., Díaz, E., Alvarez-Benayas, J., Fernández-Felipe, J., Jiménez-Rodríguez, J., Arvelo-Rosario, D., Mata-Martínez, P., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18010132 · Cited by 10
“Co-culture systems are highly valuable for investigating intercellular interactions—often employing T cells pre-activated with IFN-γ [81] or CD28 antibodies [57]—and are convenient for cytotoxicity assays [80,82].”
Current status of organoid culture in urological malignancy
Tse, R. T., Zhao, H., Wong, C. Y., Chiu, P. K., Teoh, J. Y., & Ng, C. (2021) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.14727 · Cited by 10
Roser, L. A., Luckhardt, S., Ziegler, N., Thomas, D., Wagner, P. V., Damm, G., Scheffschick, A., Hewitt, P. G., Parnham, M. J., & Schiffmann, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275368 · Cited by 10
Obreque, J., Vergara-Gómez, L., Venegas, N., Weber, H. L., Owen, G. I., Pérez, P. E., Leal, P., Roa, J. C., & Bizama, C. (2023) · Biological Research · doi:10.1186/s40659-023-00476-9 · Cited by 11
Stavrakaki, Ε., van den Bossche, W. B. L., Vogelezang, L. B., Teodósio, C., Mustafa, D. A. M., van Dongen, J. J. M., Dirven, C. M. F., Balvers, R. K., & Lamfers, M. L. M. (2024) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100716 · Cited by 9
“11 Additionally, when studying interactions between tumor cells and immune cells in preclinical models of brain tumors such as GBM, current approaches typically utilize only one type of immune cell, such as healthy-donor derived monocytes.”
BackgroundHow CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Is Revolutionizing T Cell Research
Johansen, K. H. (2021) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2021.0579 · Cited by 9
“To overcome this challenge, scientists could combine Cas9-modified human T cells with organoid systems, where organized three-dimensional tissue cultures are grown in culture (Dijkstra et al., 2018; Yuki et al., 2020), to investigate the functions of the Cas9-modified T cells in situ to simulate in vivo conditions.”
BackgroundZhou, Z., Yan, X., Shi, W., Tan, K., Shao, C., Wang, Y., Wang, G., & Hong, Y. (2022) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.21037/jgo-21-715 · Cited by 9
Kinny‐Köster, B., Guinn, S. R., Tandurella, J. A., Mitchell, J. T., Sidiropoulos, D. N., Loth, M., Lyman, M. R., Pucsek, A. B., Seppälä, T. T., Cherry, C., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500096 · Cited by 10
The applications and techniques of organoids in head and neck cancer therapy
Hao, Q., Tan, X., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Zha, D., Wang, S., & Wen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1191614 · Cited by 10
“Consequently, co-culture technique is a good platform for CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy) evaluation (68, 69).”
MethodBoosting human immunology: harnessing the potential of immune organoids
Moll, M., & Baumjohann, D. (2025) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-025-00193-8 · Cited by 8
“Tumor co-cultures with lymphocytes promise to provide insights into the intricate interplay of T cell-mediated tumor recognition (Dijkstra et al, 2018) (Fig.”
InfluentialFu, X., Zhang, G., Hou, Z., Fu, T., & Cui, G. (2025) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-025-01132-6 · Cited by 8
“Subsequently, the ESCC organoids were subjected to co-culture with the CD8 + T cells and PMN-MDSCs (Cattaneo et al. 2020; Sui et al. 2021; Dijkstra et al. 2018).”
Sullivan, R. J., Cillo, A. R., Ferris, R. L., Jenkins, R. W., Kluger, H. M., Kok, M., Lipson, E. J., Paruzzo, L., Redmond, W. L., Ruella, M., et al. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2025-011929 · Cited by 11
Deciphering Breast Tumor Heterogeneity Through Patient-Derived Organoids and Circulating Tumor Cells
Policastro, B., Nissen, N., & Alves, C. L. (2025) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm15070271 · Cited by 8
“These tumor cells are initially grown in an ECM and then co-cultured with engineered and/or previously expanded immune cells, such as TILs or autologous peripheral blood immune cells used to expand tumor-reactive T cell clones [50,51].”
Abdellaoui-Soussi, F. E., Brusilovsky, M., Buck, E., Bacon, W. C., Dadgar, S., Fullerton, A. M., Durban, V. M., Barrile, R., Helmrath, M. A., Takebe, T., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202508584 · Cited by 11
Organoid: a promising solution to current challenges in cancer immunotherapy
Kang, X., Cheemalamarri, S. K., & Yin, Q. (2025) · npj Biomedical Innovations. · doi:10.1038/s44385-025-00051-9 · Cited by 9
van Renterghem, A. W. J., Parra-Martinez, M., Witsen, M., Verkerk, K., Steur, M., Zeverijn, L. J., Dijkstra, K. K., Akkari, L., & Voest, E. E. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102579 · Cited by 8
Self-citationA tumour-derived organoid biobank maps cancer gene dependencies
Herranz‐Ors, C., Bhosle, S. G., Beck, A. E., Gilbert, J. G. R., Picco, G., Valle-Inclán, J. E., Muyas, F., Valentini, S., Andres, A. E., Ansari, R., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10830-y · Cited by 12
“Future biobanking would benefit from deeper tumour annotation, including histology, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and matched stromal and immune cultures 54 .”
Generation and Characterization of Murine Oral Mucosal Organoid Cultures
Seubert, A. C., Krafft, M., & Kretzschmar, K. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/62529 · Cited by 10
Tumor-intrinsic CDC42BPB confers resistance to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer
Deshpande, R. P., Wu, K., Wu, S.-Y., Tyagi, A., Smith, E. C., Hunting, J. C., Ruiz, J., Li, W., & Watabe, K. (2024) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.021 · Cited by 8
Lian, T., Hao, X., Li, J., Wang, H., & Li, C. (2020) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-020-01433-2 · Cited by 8
Kühnemundt, J. (2020) · ALTEX · doi:10.14573/altex.2008141 · Cited by 9
“Advances in 3D technologies, particularly organoids, provide new options in the field of more physiological and personalized models for drug testing and cancer research (Drost and Clevers, 2018; Simian and Bissell, 2017).”
BackgroundLee, H. S., Kim, E., Lee, J., Park, S. J., Hwang, H. K., Park, C. H., Jo, S.-Y., Kang, C. M., Hong, S., Kang, H., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103218 · Cited by 8
“Regarding organoids, recent research for co-culture system with cancer associated fibroblast and/or immune cell is promising [65-68].”
BackgroundHuman Organoids as a Promising Platform for Fighting COVID-19
Chen, D., Su, X., Chen, H., Chen, S., Zhao, Y., & Wei, W. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.64993 · Cited by 8
“The co-culture system showed successful antigen presentation of tumor organoid cells to T cells, which subsequently became activated [92].”
BackgroundOrganoids for Modeling (Colorectal) Cancer in a Dish
Rathje, F., Klingler, S., & Aberger, F. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14215416 · Cited by 10
“TILs and autologous immune cells can destroy autologous organoids from the same patient, which makes organoids a promising and powerful future platform for testing the therapy efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors [100].”
BackgroundZerp, S. F., Bibi, Z., Verbrugge, I., Voest, E. E., & Verheij, M. (2020) · Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2020.05.012 · Cited by 8
“The tumor organoid models that we use here mimic more closely the heterogeneity and structural similarities of growing tumors [33,42].”
MethodSelf-citationRozich, N., Blair, A. B., & Burkhart, R. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819178-1.00012-5 · Cited by 9
Translational Utility of Organoid Models for Biomedical Research on Gastrointestinal Diseases
Banerjee, P., & Senapati, S. (2024) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-024-10733-3 · Cited by 7
“Dijkstra et al. and others had described an alternative co-cultivation strategy that combined human colorectal cancer organoids with circulating tumor-reactive T cells [96–98].”
Yakkala, C., Corría-Osorio, J., Kandalaft, L. E., Denys, A. L., Koppolu, B., & Durán, R. (2024) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0371 · Cited by 7
Organoid models of breast cancer in precision medicine and translational research
Niazi, V., & Parseh, B. (2024) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-024-10101-x · Cited by 7
“It is an essential immunotherapy method for therapeutic application in the most common epithelial-based cancers [94 ].”
Ren, J., Liu, M., Rong, M., Zhang, X., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Li, H., & Duan, S. (2024) · Cell organoid (Print) · doi:10.26599/co.2024.9410009 · Cited by 8
Becker, A., Oehmcke-Hecht, S., Dargel, E., Kaps, P., Freitag, T., Kreikemeyer, B., Junghanss, C., & Maletzki, C. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2024.2439456 · Cited by 7
“Tumor samples will be obtained upon surgery and the TME will be modeled by integrating autologous pre-stimulated (IL2) PDTO-specific T cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells according to [84].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dijkstra, K. K., Cattaneo, C. M., Weeber, F., Chalabi, M., van de Haar, J., Fanchi, L. F., Slagter, M., van der Velden, D. L., Kaing, S., Kelderman, S., van Rooij, N., van Leerdam, M. E., Depla, A., Smit, E. F., Hartemink, K. J., de Groot, R., Wolkers, M. C., Sachs, N., Snaebjornsson, P., Monkhorst, K., Haanen, J., Clevers, H., Schumacher, T. N., & Voest, E. E.
- Affiliations
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- Slotervaartziekenhuis (NL)
- Sanquin (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Voest, Emile E.
- ORCID
- Dijkstra, Krijn K.
- Cattaneo, Chiara M.
- Weeber, Fleur
- Chalabi, Myriam
- van de Haar, Joris
- Fanchi, Lorenzo F.
- Slagter, Maarten
- van Rooij, Nienke
- van Leerdam, Monique E.
- Smit, Egbert F.
- Hartemink, Koen J.
- de Groot, Rosa
- Wolkers, Monika C.
- Sachs, Norman
- Monkhorst, Kim
- Haanen, John
- Clevers, Hans
- Schumacher, Ton N.
- Voest, Emile E.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1586-1598.e12
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6558289
- OpenAlex
- W2885650843
- Cited by
- 1,135
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 172 · 2025: 175 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 144 · 2021: 168 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 37.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NWO Gravitation Program (NWO (2012-2022)
- KWF (HUBR2014-7006)
- KWF Queen Wilhelmina (NKI 2013-6122)
- ERC AdG SENSIT
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- tumor-reactive T cells, tumor organoids, peripheral blood lymphocytes, co-culture, personalized cancer immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer, epithelial cancers, T cell-mediated killing
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Female, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Lung Neoplasms, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, T-Lymphocytes, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Colorectal Neoplasms, Coculture Techniques, Cell Culture Techniques, In Vitro Techniques
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