The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Paradigm Shift in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Enhancement to Normalization
Open accessAbstract
Harnessing an antitumor immune response has been a fundamental strategy in cancer immunotherapy. For over a century, efforts have primarily focused on amplifying immune activation mechanisms that are employed by humans to eliminate invaders such as viruses and bacteria. This “immune enhancement” strategy often results in rare objective responses and frequent immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, in the last decade, cancer immunotherapies targeting the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway (anti-PD therapy), have achieved higher objective response rates in patients with much fewer irAEs. This more beneficial tumor response-to-toxicity profile stems from distinct mechanisms of action that restore tumor-induced immune deficiency selectively in the tumor microenvironment, here termed “immune normalization,” which has led to its FDA approval in more than 10 cancer indications and facilitated its combination with different therapies. In this article, we wish to highlight the principles of immune normalization and learn from it, with the ultimate goal to guide better designs for future cancer immunotherapies.
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citationCombined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma
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Cited by
Lei, X., Lei, Y., Li, J.-K., Du, W.-X., Li, R.-G., Yang, J., Li, J., Li, F., & Tan, H.-B. (2020) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.009 · Cited by 1,470
Lv, M., Chen, M., Zhang, R., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Wei, X., Guan, Y., Liu, J., Feng, K., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-00395-4 · Cited by 1,040
Regulation of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment
Yi, M., Niu, M., Xu, L., Luo, S., & Wu, K. (2021) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-020-01027-5 · Cited by 681
Yang, Q., Guo, N., Zhou, Y., Chen, J., Wei, Q., & Han, M. (2020) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.004 · Cited by 471
Resistance Mechanisms to Anti-PD Cancer Immunotherapy
Vesely, M. D., Zhang, T., & Chen, L. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-070621-030155 · Cited by 468
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sanmamed, M. F., & Chen, L.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 313-326
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2894717949
- Cited by
- 1,392
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 47.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
