Hydration and properties of sodium sulfate activated slag
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Strätlingite was not experimentally observed in Na2CO3- and Na2SO4-activated slag, while thermodynamic modeling results indicate that it is a stable phase in both systems.
“Note that strätlingite was not experimentally observed in Na2CO3- 59 and Na2SO4-activated slag 60 , while thermodynamic modeling results indicate that it is a stable phase in both systems 23,61 .”
From Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Study of Carbonation of Alkali-Activated Slag Cements (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Habert, G., de Lacaillerie, J.-B. D., & Roussel, N. (2011) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.03.012 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes
Shi, C., Krivenko, P. V., & Roy, D. M. (2006) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203390672 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Hydration products of alkali activated slag cement
Wang, S.-D., & Scrivener, K. L. (1995) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00045-e · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Alkali-activated fly ash/slag cements
Puertas, F., Martı́nez-Ramı́rez, S., Alonso, S., & Vázquez, T. (2000) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00298-2 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Electronmicroscopy and Analysis-1981
Goodhew, P. J., & Humphreys, J. F. (1984) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/0038-092x(84)90025-2 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag
Wang, S., Scrivener, K. L., & Pratt, P. L. (1994) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/0008-8846(94)90026-4 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Sodium silicate-based, alkali-activated slag mortars
Brough, A. R., & Atkinson, A. (2002) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00717-2 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Influence of activator on the strength and drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag mortar
Atiş, C. D., Bilim, C., Çelik, Ö., & Karahan, O. (2007) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.011 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
High performance cementing materials from industrial slags — a review
Shi, C., & Qian, J. (2000) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(99)00060-9 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Alkali-activated cements Opportunities and challenges
Roy, D. M. (1999) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00093-3 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Fernández‐Jiménez, A., Palomo, J. G., & Puertas, F. (1999) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00154-4 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CEMENTS
Davidovits, J. (1994) · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Synthesis and mechanical properties of metakaolinite-based geopolymer
Wang, H., Li, H., & Yan, F. (2005) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.01.016 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Fernández‐Jiménez, A., Puertas, F., Sobrados, I., & Sanz, J. (2003) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03481.x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Alkali activation of Australian slag cements
Bakharev, T., Sanjayan, J., & Cheng, Y. (1999) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00170-7 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Richardson, I. G., Brough, A. R., Groves, G. W., & Dobson, C. M. (1994) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/0008-8846(94)90002-7 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Effects of dosage and modulus of water glass on early hydration of alkali–slag cements
Krizan, D. M., & Z̈ivanović, B. (2002) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00717-7 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Pore solution chemistry of alkali-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag
Song, S.-J., & Jennings, H. M. (1999) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00212-9 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Puertas, F., Fernández-Jiménez, A., & Blanco-Varela, M. T. (2004) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00254-0 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Electron Microscopy and Analysis
Goodhew, P. J., Humphreys, J., & Humphreys, J. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781482289343 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Strength, pore structure and permeability of alkali-activated slag mortars
Shi, C. (1996) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(96)00174-3 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Hydration of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag
Song, S., Sohn, D., Jennings, H. M., et al. (2000) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1023/a:1004742027117 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Hydration of alkali-activated slag: comparison with ordinary Portland cement
Gruskovnjak, A., Lothenbach, B., Holzer, L., Figi, R., & Winnefeld, F. (2006) · Advances in Cement Research · doi:10.1680/adcr.2006.18.3.119 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
A study on the setting characteristics of sodium silicate-activated slag pastes
Chang, J.-R. (2003) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(02)01096-7 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Richardson, I. G., & Groves, G. W. (1992) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/bf01133772 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate
Yang, K., Song, J., Ashour, A. F., & Lee, E. (2007) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.003 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Hydration Products and Reactivity of Blast‐Furnace Slag Activated by Various Alkalis
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., Fuentes, A. F., Gorokhovsky, A. V., Fraire-Luna, P. E., & Mendoza-Suarez, G. (2003) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03623.x · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Alkali-activated metakaolin-slag blends—performance and structure in dependence of their composition
Buchwald, A., Hilbig, H., & Kaps, C. (2007) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0525-6 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Effect of activator mix on the hydration and strength behaviour of alkali-activated slag cements
Fernández‐Jiménez, A., & Puertas, F. (2003) · Advances in Cement Research · doi:10.1680/adcr.2003.15.3.129 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Živica, V. (2006) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.002 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Rashad, A. M., Bai, Y., Basheer, M., Collier, N. C., & Milestone, N. B. (2011) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.10.007 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationSchneider, J., Cincotto, M. A., & Panepucci, H. C. (2001) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00530-0 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Malhotra, V. M., & Mehta, P. K. (2002) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 172 · see citing works
A preliminary study on the alkali activation of ground granulated blast-furnace slag
Douglas, E., & Brandštetr, J. (1990) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/0008-8846(90)90008-l · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Yang, K., & Song, J. (2009) · Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2009)21:3(119 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Kinetic study on hydration of alkali-activated slag
Huanhai, Z., Xuequan, W., Xu, Z., et al. (1993) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90062-e · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Early Age Strength and Workability of Slag Pastes Activated by NaOH and Na2CO3
Collins, F., & Sanjayan, J. (1998) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00025-8 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
10th International congress on the chemistry of cement
Chandra, S. (1997) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(97)00198-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Wang, P. Z., Trettin, R. H. F., & Rudert, V. (2005) · Advances in Cement Research · doi:10.1680/adcr.2005.17.4.161 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
29 Si and 27 Al MAS‐NMR of NaOH‐Activated Blast‐Furnace Slag
Schilling, P. J., Butler, L. G., Roy, A. D., et al. (1994) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04606.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Railway sleepers made of alkali activated fly ash concrete
Palomo, A., Fernández‐Jiménez, A., Hombrados, C. L., & Lleyda, J. L. (2007) · Revista de ingeniería de construcción · doi:10.4067/s0718-50732007000200001 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Microscopic Study of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash
Katz, A. (1998) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(97)00271-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., Campos-Venegas, K., Gorokhovsky, A. V., et al. (2006) · Advances in Applied Ceramics Structural Functional and Bioceramics · doi:10.1179/174367606x120151 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Chemical and Microstructural Characterization of 20‐Month‐Old Alkali‐Activated Slag Cements
Sakulich, A. R., Miller, S. A., & Barsoum, M. W. (2010) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03611.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Activation of Ground Blast‐Furnace Slag by Alkali‐Metal and Alkaline‐Earth Hydroxides
Roy, A. D., Schilling, P. J., Eaton, H. C., et al. (1992) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04416.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Reactions in cement encapsulated nuclear wastes: need for toolbox of different cement types
Milestone, N. B. (2005) · Advances in Applied Ceramics Structural Functional and Bioceramics · doi:10.1179/174367606x81678 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationReview of recent research on alkali-activated concrete in China
Wang, S. (1991) · Magazine of Concrete Research · doi:10.1680/macr.1991.43.154.29 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The activation and hydration of glassy cementitious materials
Li, D., Xu, Z., Luo, Z., et al. (2002) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00755-x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Schilling, P. J., Roy, A. D., Eaton, H. C., Malone, P. G., & Brabston, N. W. (1994) · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources · doi:10.1557/jmr.1994.0188 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effect of geothermal waste on strength and microstructure of alkali-activated slag cement mortars
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., Gorokhovsky, A. V., Mendoza, G., et al. (2003) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00133-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Liquid concentration changes during slag cement hydration by alkali activation
Kim, J. C., & Hong, S. Y. (2001) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00455-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effect of Curing Conditions on Alkali-Activated Slags
Talling, B. (1989) · doi:10.14359/1850 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Alkali Activation of a Norwegian Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
Gjørv, O. E. (1989) · doi:10.14359/1862 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Andersson, R., Gram, H.-E., Małolepszy, J., et al. (1988) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Reactividad y propiedades mecánicas de escoria de alto horno activada por álcalis
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., Méndez‐Nonell, J., Gorokhovsky, A. V., et al. (2002) · Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio · doi:10.3989/cyv.2002.v41.i5.664 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Activation of Blast Furnace Slag by Some Inorganic Materials
Metso, J., & Kajaus, E. (1983) · Special publication - Royal Society of Chemistry/Special publication · doi:10.14359/6739 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sodium Sulphate Activated GGBS/PFA and Its Potential as a Nuclear Waste Immobilisation Matrix
Bai, Y., Milestone, N. B., & Yang, C. (2006) · MRS Proceedings · doi:10.1557/proc-932-38.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- [5]5. Chatterjiee A. K., (1992) "Special and new cement", Proc. of 9 th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem., National council for Cement and Building Materials (NCB), New Delhi, India, Vol. I, 177.
- [6]6. Malolepszy J., (1986) "Activation of synthetic melitite slags by alkalis", Proceedings of Eight International congress on Chemistry of cements, Brazil, IV, 104-107.
- [7]7. Shi C. J., (1989) "Alkali-phosphorous slag cement", J. Southeast Univ., 19(1), 141-144.
- [8]8. Dai L. L., and Chen J. N., (1988) "Alkali-slag-fly ash cement", Bull. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 16(1), 25-32.
- [11]11. Parameswaran P. S. and Chatterjee A. K., (1986) Proc. 8th Int. Congress on the Chemistry of cement (Rio de Janeiro), Abla Gráfica e Editoria Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 4, 86-91.
- [12]12. Tango C. E. S and Valdergorin E. Y. L., (1992) Proc. 9th Int. Congress on the chemistry of cement, National Council of Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi, Vol. 3, 101-107.
- [26]26. Shi C. J., Krivenko P. V. and Roy D. M., (2005) "Alkali-activated cements and concretes", Taylor & Francis, 376.
- [47]47. Pinto A. T., (2004) "Alkali-activated metakaolin based binders", PhD Thesis, University of Minho [only in Portuguese].
- [50]50. Isozaki K., Iwamoto S. and Nakagawa K., (1986) "Some properties of alkali-activated slag cement". 8th Int. Congr. Chem. Cem., Rio de Janeiro, Vol.6, pp395-399.
- [67]67. Greene K. T., (1960) "Early hydration reactions of Portland cement", Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Chem. Cements, Washington, 359-58.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Structural evolution of an alkali sulfate activated slag cement
Mobasher, N., Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2016) · Journal of Nuclear Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.11.016 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Shi, D., Yao, Y., Ye, J., & Zhang, W. (2019) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.288 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Study of Carbonation of Alkali-Activated Slag Cements
Park, S., Lothenbach, B., Jang, J. G., Kim, H.-K., & Lee, N. (2023) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05789 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rashad, A. M., Bai, Y., Basheer, P. A. M., Milestone, N. B., & Collier, N. C.
- Affiliations
- Housing and Building National Research Center (EG)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rashad, A.M.
- Bai, Y.
- Venue
- Cement and Concrete Composites
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 37
- Pages
- 20-29
- ISSN
- 0958-9465 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062930292
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 21.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.qub.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Cement and Concrete Composites (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Materials Engineering and Processing
- Keywords
- sodium sulfate activation, alkali-activated slag, slag fineness, early-age strength, long-term strength, pH, microstructure, hydration, Portland cement comparison, nuclear waste immobilization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review