A new efficient permutation-diffusion encryption algorithm based on a chaotic map

In image encryption, there are drawbacks considering features of images such as redundancy, similarity of adjacent pixels, and large file sizes.

“In the context of image encryption, there are drawbacks considering features of images such as redundancy, similarity of adjacent pixels, along with large file sizes [7, 41].”

Chaotic encryption schemes perform well for low-quality images but are not fast enough for real-time encryption of Full Ultra HD images.

“Chaotic encryption schemes perform well for low-quality images, however, they are not fast enough for real-time encryption of Full Ultra HD images.”

Chaotic mathematical models have properties such as strong reactions to changes in initial conditions, random-like behavior and ergodicity, which are desired for cryptography.

“Chaotic mathematical models have properties such as strong reactions to changes in initial conditions, randomlike behavior and ergodicity which are also desired for cryptography [5,7].”

Recently proposed ciphers have good performance for sharing low-quality images (256×256) but struggle sharing high-quality images such as Full Ultra HD (7680×4320×3) in real-time.

“Recently proposed ciphers such as [7, 21, 41] have good performance for sharing low-quality images, with dimensions of 256 × 256, but struggle sharing highquality images, such as Full Ultra HD, with dimensions of 7680 × 4320 × 3, in real-time.”

The PSNR values represent a small increase compared to [7] because the ECB operation mode is not used, so noise effects are not propagated as much during recovery.

“These values represent a small increase compared to [7] because the ECB operation mode is not used, and hence the effects of noise are not propagated as much during the recovered image.”

The metrics presented in Table 2 are consistent with [7], meaning that the encrypted image still maintains a uniform histogram when the original image or the secret key are modified.

“The metrics presented in Table 2 are consistent with [7], meaning that the encrypted image still maintains an uniform histogram when the original image or the secret key are modified.”