The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exploring the relationships between college students’ cell phone use, personality and leisure
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“have been shown to constitute an at-risk population regarding excessive and addictive smartphone use1–4”
From Emotion-related impulsivity moderates the cognitive interference effect of smartphone availability on working memory (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The negative consequences of this problem include the possible increase of stress, anxiety, and/or the “paradox” of a lack of communication, despite being more connected, especially among young people and adolescents [5,6,7].”
From Problematic Use of the Internet and Smartphones in University Students: 2006–2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701
Flow: the psychology of optimal experience
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0597 · Cited by 12,654
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652
Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience
Buchanan, R., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1991) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511458 · Cited by 9,449
A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1 · Cited by 8,307
Cluster Analysis for Applications
(1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-06161-0 · Cited by 5,112
Aldenderfer, M. S. (1984) · Cited by 2,502
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys.
Lynn, P. J., & Rubin, D. B. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348774 · Cited by 2,330
Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use
Correa, T., Hinsley, A. W., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003 · Cited by 1,915
Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use
Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.024 · Cited by 1,728
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Barkley, 2013, Cellular telephone use is associated with greater sedentary behavior independent of leisure-time physical activity, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 38, 1023
- Kirkcaldy, 1989, Gender and personality determinants of recreational interests, Studia Psychologica, 30, 115
- Lepp, A., & Barkley, J. (2014). Cell phone use as leisure: Activities, motivations and affective experiences. In: Book of Abstracts for the Leisure Research Symposium of the National Recreation and Parks Association’s Annual Congress, (pp. 154–156). Retrieved on 10/22/2014 from: <http://www.academyofleisuresciences.com/sites/default/files/2014%20LRS%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf>.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–187 of 187
Cell Phone Use Latency in a Midwestern USA University Population
Kruger, D. J., Duan, A., Juhász, D., Phaneuf-Hadd, C. V., Sreenivasa, V., Saunders, C. M., Heyblom, A. M., Sonnega, P. A., Day, M. L., & Misevich, S. L. (2017) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-017-0012-8 · Cited by 9
Şumuer, E., Gezgin, D., & Yıldırım, S. (2018) · Sakarya University Journal of Education · doi:10.19126/suje.378459 · Cited by 10
Mobile Empowerment: Enhancing Education and Connectivity for College Students
Tamilarasi, M. (2023) · International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences · doi:10.22161/ijels.83.48 · Cited by 9
Moqbel, M. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.745 · Cited by 12
Connecting Alone: Smartphone Use, Quality of Social Interactions and Well-BeingPreprint
Rotondi, V., Stanca, L. M., & Tomasuolo, M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2893027 · Cited by 9
Monzoncillo, J. M. Á., Rodríguez, G. D. H., & Picard, R. G. (2018) · The International Journal on Media Management · doi:10.1080/14241277.2018.1471606 · Cited by 8
Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı ile Sürücü Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki
Büyükbaş, S., Tekin, E., & Tekeş, B. (2019) · Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.38002/tuad.515264 · Cited by 9
Hidalgo-Andrade, P., Paz, C., Hermosa‐Bosano, C., García‐Manglano, J., Sádaba, C., López-Madrigal, C., Serrano, C., & Fernández-Zapico, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111104 · Cited by 9
An Investigation of the Cyberloafing and Nomophobia Levels of University Students
Talan, T., & Kalınkara, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Research in Education and Science · doi:10.46328/ijres.2708 · Cited by 11
Age Differences in Problematic Mobile Phone Usage among Africans
Sakpere, A. B., Nkwo, M. S., Abdullahi, A. M., Adamu, M. S., & Orji, R. (2021) · African Human Computer Interaction Conference (AfriCHI) · doi:10.1145/3448696.3448705 · Cited by 7
Karishma, Awinashe, M. V., Jain, A., Santhosh, V. C., Choudhury, B. K., Alessa, N. A., & Babaji, P. (2023) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1330_22 · Cited by 7
Chen, X., Lu, P., Yi, X., Zeng, X., Shen, Z., Wen-xiu, L., & Yin, R. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078488 · Cited by 6
Onuoha, U. C., & Bada, B. V. (2018) · Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science · doi:10.9734/jesbs/2018/31442 · Cited by 6
Smartphone Impacts on Outdoor Orientation Trip Goal Attainment
Edwards, E., Zajchowski, C. A. B., & Hill, E. L. (2020) · Journal of Experiential Education · doi:10.1177/1053825920974071 · Cited by 6
Determination of Nursing Students' Attitudes Towards Mobile Learning
İsmailoğlu, E. G., Kocaçal, E., & Şahan, S. (2021) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.5336/nurses.2020-78279 · Cited by 6
Moscardo, G. M., & Hughes, K. (2016) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i5-7085 · Cited by 6
Impact on Negative Mood and Craving of a Classroom Policy Prohibiting Mobile Technology Use
Katz, E. C., Earnest, D. R., & Lewis, C. (2018) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-017-0042-2 · Cited by 5
Antecedent, Consequences, and Policies View of Cyberloafing among the Employees
Dmour, M. M., Bakar, H. S. A., & Hamzah, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1529/2/022016 · Cited by 5
Smartphone dependency and its impact on academics among medical and nursing students
Sharma, R., VAIDYA, V., RAJAN, R., ELDHOSE, A. T., RATRE, H., & Lata, H. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Nursing · doi:10.4103/jin.jin_44_21 · Cited by 6
Exploring ELT Students’ Perception of Mobile Phone through Figurative Language
Şenel, M. (2016) · Sakarya University Journal of Education · doi:10.19126/suje.92706 · Cited by 5
Afe, T. O., Ogunsemi, O. O., Osalusi, B. S., Adeleye, O., & alé, A. T. (2020) · Annals of Health Research (The Journal of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria OOUTH Sagamu Nigeria) · doi:10.30442/ahr.0601-03-63 · Cited by 6
Analysis of the Pre and Post-COVID-19 Lockdown Use of Smartphone Apps in Spain
Solano, A., Fayos, I., Urueña, A., Martínez-Sober, M., Mateo, F., & Soria‐Olivas, E. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11135807 · Cited by 5
Technology and Leisure: Macroeconomic ImplicationsPreprint
Kavuri, A. S., & McKibbin, W. J. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3005036 · Cited by 5
Distraction and Dependence: The Loss of Reflective Self-Direction
Thiele, L. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82086-1_3 · Cited by 4
Xia, X., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895411 · Cited by 4
Improv Practices in Mathematics Active Teaching
Morales-Almazán, P. (2021) · PRIMUS · doi:10.1080/10511970.2021.1978604 · Cited by 7
The Role of Using Smartphones on Depression Rate in Retired Elderly
Yoshany, N., Mahmoodabad, S. S. M., Mihanpour, H., Seyed-khameshi, S.-S., Gerayllo, S., & Nabil, A. (2020) · ranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.29252/ijhehp.8.3.240 · Cited by 5
Factors Influencing Success in Advanced Engineering Mathematics Courses: A Case Study
Athavale, P., Mondal, S., & Rivera, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.662380 · Cited by 5
Derevensky, J. L., Marchica, L. A., Gilbeau, L., & Richard, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_161-1 · Cited by 5
Yao, L., Zhang, B., & Ma, Y. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221135483 · Cited by 5
Micro Learning Media for Teaching English at Junior High School Students
Nitiasih, P. K., Santosa, M. H., Suarcaya, P., & Ratnaya, G. (2024) · Journal of Education Technology · doi:10.23887/jet.v7i4.69627 · Cited by 4
Planning leisure: helpful or harmful?
Sterling, H. M., Allan, B. A., & Heesacker, M. (2020) · Leisure/Loisir · doi:10.1080/14927713.2020.1815560 · Cited by 4
Counting Blue(tooth) Cars: Assessing Cellphone Use Among Vehicle Drivers in the Midwestern USA
Kruger, D. J., Falbo, M., Gazoul, C., Cole, E., Nader, N., Blanchard, S., Duan, A., Murphy, S. F., Juhasz, D., Saunders, C., et al. (2018) · Human ethology bulletin · doi:10.22330/heb/332/048-057 · Cited by 4
Kaya, S., & Argan, M. (2015) · İnternet uygulamaları ve yönetimi/internet uygulamalarý ve yönetimi · doi:10.5505/iuyd.2015.47955 · Cited by 4
Homo smartphonus: Psychological Aspects of Smartphone Use—A Literature Review
Sorokowski, P., & Sobczak, M. (2025) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti9080083 · Cited by 4
Factors Predicting Observed Cellphone Use in a Midwestern USA University Campus Area
Kruger, D. J., Juhasz, D., Saunder, C., Misevich, S. L., Duan, A., Heyblom, A. M., & Phaneuf-Hadd, C. V. (2018) · Human ethology bulletin · doi:10.22330/heb/332/005-012 · Cited by 3
Kertechian, K. S., & Ismail, H. N. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231183338 · Cited by 5
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Mobil Bağımlılık Düzeyi ve Problem Çözme Becerisinin İncelenmesi
Aktaş, E., Dönmez, E., CANIBEYAZ, R., & GEDİK, M. (2023) · Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.56061/fbujohs.1183929 · Cited by 4
Lepp, A., Yim, B. H., & Barkley, J. E. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108581 · Cited by 3
Self-citationEroje, A. B. I., AlBariqi, A., Tikare, S., Braimoh, B., Onwuka, C., Alqarni, K., Al-Baitah, A., Hommade, A., & Asiri, A. (2025) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_230_24 · Cited by 3
Akyürek, G., Kars, S., & Bumın, G. (2018) · Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi · doi:10.30720/ered.404075 · Cited by 3
Bednar, K., & Spiekermann, S. (2018) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99605-9_15 · Cited by 3
Horwood, S., & Anglim, J. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rp4c5 · Cited by 5
Smartphones through children’s eyes: perceived benefits and educational considerations
Gaztañaga, M., Mondragón, N. I., Fernández, I. L., & Munitis, A. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1596595 · Cited by 11
Alemdar, D. K., & Çatıker, A. (2025) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20250821-02 · Cited by 2
Aljawarneh, Y. M., Azizeh, S., Badr, M., Aldhuhoori, A., Alsereidi, S., Alsereidi, A., Alsaadi, M., Almsmari, M., & Alghawi, S. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261460699 · Cited by 2
Design and Analysis of an Effective Two-Step Clustering Scheme to Optimize Prefetch Cache Technology
Zhang, W., Lu, W., Chen, R., Chen, Y.-C., Chen, Y., Wang, T. C., Zhang, T., & Xiong, N. N. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2943498 · Cited by 2
Derevensky, J. L., Marchica, L. A., Gilbeau, L., & Richard, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_161 · Cited by 4
A Conceptual Perspective on Unmanageable Leisure Time
Topaçoğlu, O., & Uygur, A. (2024) · Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness · doi:10.58636/jtis.1457409 · Cited by 2
A Study on the Internet Usage Pattern of Youths in Sikkim
Saha, S. K., & Saha, S. (2021) · Advances in finance, accounting, and economics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8678-5.ch006 · Cited by 2
Uzdıl, N., & Şimşek, N. (2023) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.1149089 · Cited by 2
The Influence of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance Among Indonesian University Students
Universitas Mercu Buana, J., & Morissan, M. (2020) · Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication · doi:10.17576/jkmjc-2020-3603-06 · Cited by 1
Hong, Y. P., Yeom, Y. O., & Lim, M. H. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0149.v1 · Cited by 2
Cultivating Classroom Connectivity: Navigating the Role of Cell Phones in Education
Sharma, S. (2024) · The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas · doi:10.1080/00098655.2024.2427334 · Cited by 1
Zhang, W., Sun, Y., Zhu, S., Liu, N., Song, H., Tang, K., Shen, X., Tao, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2550977 · Cited by 2
Zhao, H., Li, Z., Jiang, X., & Li, M. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172310796 · Cited by 1
김영두 (2014) · journal of consumer policy studies · doi:10.15723/jcps.45.3.201412.207 · Cited by 1
MOBILE LEARNING TECHNOLOGY: USING PERSUASIVE MOBILE UX DESIGN TO CHANGE LEARNING BEHAVIOR
Kaplarski, K. (2015) · Cited by 1
¿Qué dice tu smartphone sobre ti?
Lérida, S. V., & Poggio, L. (2021) · Behavior & Law Journal · doi:10.47442/blj.v7.i1.82
An Empirical Analysis of the ApplyTexas Postsecondary ApplicationPreprint
Taylor, Z. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3885813 · Cited by 1
Exploring How Graduate Students Use Smartphones for Academic Purposes Outside of the Classroom
Sonne, J. (2016) · iConference · doi:10.9776/16592
Relationships between Mobile-Phone/Internet Usage and Socioeconomic Development Level
Jiao, T., Mitchell, N., Yan, R., Yang, X., & Zhong, J. (2015)
New IT Tools and Methods Improving Lifestyle of Young People
Serban, A., Crişan-Vida, M., Șerban, M.-C., & Stoicu-Tivadar, L. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16480-9_12
What Affects the Level of Social Networking Site Daily Usage?
Antoniadis, I. I., Saprikis, V., & Koukoulis, I. (2020) · International Journal of E-Business Research · doi:10.4018/ijebr.2020010103
A manifesto for cognitive ergonomics: Re-evaluating Technology Usability for the 21st Century
Witchel, H. J., & Westling, C. E. I. (2019) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)
Aljemely, Y. (2020) · Dilemas contemporáneos Educación Política y Valores · doi:10.46377/dilemas.v36i1.2327
Preferences in Learning "Hiragana": A Comparative Study Between Mobile Apps and Paper Worksheets
Nakada, M. (2020) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/17660612
Smartphone Influence Factor of University Student’s Academic Achievement
Surjandy, S., Meyliana, M., Oktriono, K., Catherine, M. M., Anutariya, C., & Fernando, E. (2020) · Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal · doi:10.25046/aj050585
Wasniewski, E. (2020) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3-n6xb-sm59
Facebook and Mobile Phone Use and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Serbia
Rajković, J., Kovačić, S., Popović, J., Poštin, J., Konjikušić, M., & Nikolić, M. (2021) · Economic Themes · doi:10.2478/ethemes-2021-0023
Calabro, K. S., Khalil, G. E., Chen, M., Perry, C. L., & Prokhorov, A. V. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.11059
Effects of Strength Training on the Physical Fitness and Obesity of College Girls
Mustafa, G. (2022) · Pakistan Social Sciences Review · doi:10.35484/pssr.2022(6-ii)44
Sreelatha, P., & Kumar, M. S. (2022) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_33_21
Student Behaviour Monitoring System
Rao, M. V. P. (2023) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.51458
Zhou, N., Huang, Y., & Zou, X. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3300764/v1
PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH
Пичиков, А. А., & Tikhomirov, D. I. (2023) · doi:10.37539/230629.2023.52.59.045
Tsimerman, E., & Fratkina, P. A. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48016-4_3
Genre et Addiction au Smartphone chez les Adolescents en Côte d’Ivoire
Geoffroy, Z. B. S. R., & Ehui, P. J. (2023) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2023.v19n35p40
Emmanual, P. J., Babu, N. C. K., Joy, M., & Baruah, C. (2024) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50939-1_38
Hou, Q. (2025) · Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology · doi:10.23977/aetp.2025.090306
Wang, J., Liu, Y.-G., Dou, G., Xia, Q.-F., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6824913/v1 · Cited by 1
Jeong, Y.-W., Han, Y.-R., Kim, S.-K., & Jeong, H.-S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12511502
Jeong, Y.-W., Han, Y.-R., Kim, S.-K., & Jeong, H.-S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12511508
Damar, A., & Önder, İ. (2026) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2026.2659921
A Domain-Adapted Deep Learning Model for Early Detection of Nomophobia Using Tab Transformer Model
Jangir, M. K., Singh, K., & Khan, T. (2026) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-026-05018-0
Junjie, W., Liu, Y.-G., Dou, G., Xia, Q.-F., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/71352
Metadata
- Authors
- Lepp, A., Li, J., Barkley, J. E., & Salehi-Esfahani, S.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lepp, Andrew
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 43
- Pages
- 210-219
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071986174
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13
- FWCI
- 44.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kent State University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
- Keywords
- mobile phone use, university students, leisure experience, personality, Big Five personality traits, extraversion, introversion, boredom, challenges, well-being, smartphone use patterns
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review