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Cited by 15Water Treatment and DisinfectionFecal contamination and water qualityCoagulation and Flocculation Studies

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Chlorine residuals and haloacetic acid reduction in rapid sand filtration

Chuang, Yi-Hsueh, Wang, Gen-Shuch, Tung, Hsin-hsin·2011·Chemosphere
DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.037
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Abstract

It is quite rare to find biodegradation in rapid sand filtration for drinking water treatment. This might be due to frequent backwashes and low substrate levels. High chlorine concentrations may inhibit biofilm development, especially for plants with pre-chlorination. However, in tropical or subtropical regions, bioactivity on the sand surface may be quite significant due to high biofilm development--a result of year-round high temperature. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between biodegradation and chlorine concentration in rapid sand filters, especially for the water treatment plants that practise pre-chlorination. In this study, haloacetic acid (HAA) biodegradation was found in conventional rapid sand filters practising pre-chlorination. Laboratory column studies and field investigations were conducted to explore the association between the biodegradation of HAAs and chlorine concentrations. The results showed that chlorine residual was an important factor that alters bioactivity development. A model based on filter influent and effluent chlorine was developed for determining threshold chlorine for biodegradation. From the model, a temperature independent chlorine concentration threshold (Cl(threshold)) for biodegradation was estimated at 0.46-0.5mgL(-1). The results imply that conventional filters with adequate control could be conducive to bioactivity, resulting in lower HAA concentrations. Optimizing biodegradable disinfection by-product removal in conventional rapid sand filter could be achieved with minor variation and a lower-than-Cl(threshold) influent chlorine concentration. Bacteria isolation was also carried out, successfully identifying several HAA degraders. These degraders are very commonly seen in drinking water systems and can be speculated as the main contributor of HAA loss.

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Metadata

Authors
Chuang, Y.-H., Wang, G.-S., & Tung, H.-H.
Affiliations
National Taiwan University (TW)
Corresponding author
Tung, Hsin-hsin
ORCID
Venue
Chemosphere
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-11
Volume
85
Issue
7
Pages
1146-1153
ISSN
0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.037
OpenAlex
W2078053242
Cited by
15
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
Keywords
rapid sand filtration, haloacetic acids, biodegradation, residual chlorine, pre-chlorination, disinfection by-products, biofilm, drinking water treatment
MeSH terms
Acetates, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Chlorine, Disinfection, Filtration, Silicon Dioxide, Temperature, Biofilms, Water Purification

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