Stockholm Arlanda Airport as a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to water, sediment and fish
Abstract
Fire training facilities are potential sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the nearby environment due to the usage of PFAS-containing aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFFs). The multimedia distribution of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTSA) was investigated near a fire training facility at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sweden. The whole body burden of PFASs in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) was 334±80μg absolute and was distributed as follows: Gonad>liver≈muscle>blood>gill. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and sediment/water partition coefficient (Kd) increased by 0.6-1.7 and 0.2-0.5 log units, respectively, for each additional CF2 moiety for PFCAs and PFSAs. PFAS concentrations in water showed no significant decreasing trend between 2009 and 2013 (p>0.05), which indicates that Stockholm Arlanda Airport may be an important source for long-term contamination of the nearby environment with PFASs.
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PFASs in fish tend to accumulate predominantly in the blood and liver, with intermediate concentrations in gills, kidneys, and intestines, and only trace amounts in muscle tissue.
“As noted by Ahrens et al. [190], PFASs in fish tend to accumulate predominantly in the blood and liver, with intermediate concentrations found in the gills, kidneys and intestines. However, the muscle tissue shows only trace amounts of PFASs.”
From Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [190]
Ahrens et al. (2015) found the whole-body burden of PFAS in P. fluviatilis was 334 ± 80 μg/g dw, with the distribution of PFAS in the fish body as follows: gonad > liver ≈ muscle > blood > gill.
“found the whole-body burden of PFAS in P. fluviatilis was 334 ± 80 μg/g dw, with the distribution of PFAS in the fish body as follows: gonad > liver ≈ muscle > blood > gill”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Ahrens et al., 2015
Ahrens et al. (2015) found BAFs increased by 0.6-1.7 log units for each additional -CF2- moiety for PFCAs and PFSAs.
“the BAFs increased by 0.6− 1.7 log units for each additional − CF2− moiety for PFCAs and PFSAs.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Ahrens et al., 2015
Prior work indicates that AFFF use at modern airports releases diverse PFASs to downstream aquatic environments, including compounds in the first PCA/cluster.
“Prior work indicates uses of AFFF in modern airports release diverse PFASs to downstream aquatic environments, including the compounds identified as part of the first PCA/cluster.4,29-31”
From Source Attribution of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Surface Waters from Rhode Island and the New York Metropolitan Area (2016) · cites this paper as [29]
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References 26 · Cited by 288
- Authors
- Ahrens, L., Norström, K., Viktor, T., Cousins, A. P., & Josefsson, S.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Norström, Karin
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 129
- Pages
- 33-38
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104139997
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 12.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swedavia Swedish Airports
- Foundation for IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS contamination, Stockholm Arlanda Airport, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, PFOSA, fluorotelomer sulfonates, Perca fluviatilis, bioconcentration factor, sediment-water partition coefficient, multimedia distribution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Flame Retardants, Fluorocarbon Polymers, Fluorocarbons, Sulfonamides, Sweden, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Geologic Sediments, Airports
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