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Cited by 115Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisTransplantation: Methods and OutcomesOccupational and environmental lung diseases

The Role of Infection in Interstitial Lung Diseases

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Azadeh, Natalya, Limper, Andrew H., Carmona, Eva M., Ryu, Jay H.·2017·Chest
DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.033PMC PMC7094545
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Abstract

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises an array of heterogeneous parenchymal lung diseases that are associated with a spectrum of pathologic, radiologic, and clinical manifestations. There are ILDs with known causes and those that are idiopathic, making treatment strategies challenging. Prognosis can vary according to the type of ILD, but many exhibit gradual progression with an unpredictable clinical course in individual patients, as seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the phenomenon of "acute exacerbation"(AE). Given the often poor prognosis of these patients, the search for a reversible cause of respiratory worsening remains paramount. Infections have been theorized to play a role in ILDs, both in the pathogenesis of ILD and as potential triggers of AE. Research efforts thus far have shown the highest association with viral pathogens; however, fungal and bacterial organisms have also been implicated. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the role of infections in the setting of ILD.

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  • Interstitial lung disease is described in HEM1-deficient patients without a clear etiology but may be related to viral infections or chronic inflammation.

    “Interstitial lung disease is also described without a clear etiology but may be related to viral infections or chronic inflammation [8, 27].”

    From HEM1 Actin Immunodysregulatory Disorder: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Future Directions (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Abstract (page unavailable) says some ILDs have unknown causes and that infection may play a role; the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis > Viruses section (page unavailable) discusses possible viral contributions. The paper does not describe ILD in HEM1-deficient patients, and its description of chronic inflammation as a feature of NSIP does not establish it as a cause in those patients. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Azadeh, N., Limper, A. H., Carmona, E. M., & Ryu, J. H.
Affiliations
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Azadeh, Natalya
ORCID
Venue
Chest
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-10
Volume
152
Issue
4
Pages
842-852
ISSN
0012-3692 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.033
PMC
PMC7094545
OpenAlex
W2604912036
Cited by
115
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
FWCI
0.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • CHEST Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
Keywords
interstitial lung disease, infection, acute exacerbation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, viral pathogens, fungal infection, bacterial infection, pathogenesis, disease progression, prognosis
MeSH terms
Anti-Infective Agents, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Lung, Prognosis, Lung Diseases, Interstitial

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