Cited by 269Child Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceAdolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

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Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural South African youth

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Jewkes, Rachel K., Dunkle, Kristin, Nduna, Mzikazi, Jama, P. Nwabisa, Puren, Adrian·2010·Child Abuse & Neglect

DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.05.002PMC PMC2981623

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Objectives To describe prevalence of childhood experiences of adversity in rural South African youth and their associations with health outcomes.Methods We analyzed questionnaires and blood specimens collected during a baseline survey for a cluster randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention, and also tested blood HIV and herpes simplex type 2 virus at 12- and 24-month follow up; 1,367 male and 1,415 female volunteers were recruited from 70 rural villages.Results Both women and men before 18 had experienced physical punishment (89.3% and 94.4%), physical hardship (65.8% and 46.8%), emotional abuse (54.7% and 56.4%), emotional neglect (41.6% and 39.6%), and sexual abuse (39.1% and 16.7%). Incident HIV infections were more common in women who experienced emotional abuse (IRR 1.96, 95% CI 1.25, 3.06, p=.003), sexual abuse (IRR 1.66 95% CI 1.04, 2.63, p=.03), and physical punishment (IRR 2.13 95% CI 1.04, 4.37, p=.04). Emotional neglect in women was associated with depression (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15, 2.88, p=.01), suicidality (aOR 5.07, 95% CI 2.07, 12.45, p<.0001), alcohol abuse (aOR 2.17, 95% CI .99, 4.72, p=.05), and incident HSV2 infections (IRR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01, 2.59, p=.04). In men emotional neglect was associated with depression (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.87, 6.20, p<.0001) and drug use (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.37, 2.88, p<.0001). Sexual abuse was associated with alcohol abuse in men (aOR 3.68, 95% CI 2.00, 6.77, p<.0001) and depression (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.34, 3.48, p=.002) and alcohol abuse in women (aOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.90, 8.17, p<.0001).Practice implications Childhood exposure to adversity is very common and influences the health of women and men. All forms of adversity, emotional, physical and sexual, enhance the risk of adverse health outcomes in men and women. Prevention of child abuse need to be included as part of the HIV prevention agenda in sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions are needed to prevent emotional, sexual, and physical abuse and responses from health and social systems in Africa to psychologically support exposed children must be strengthened.

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“South Africa has a high prevalence of childhood trauma in the general population and more evidence is needed to understand the experience of trauma among people with severe mental illness (Jewkes et al., 2010; Denckla et al., 2017).”
Creative arts in psychotherapy for traumatized children in South Africa: An evaluation study
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Childhood adversity increases the risk of onward transmission from perinatal HIV-infected adolescents and youth in South Africa
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“, as well as with studies of individual adversities in Africa (Jewkes et al., 2010; Norman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Adverse Mental Health Outcomes Associated With Emotional Abuse in Young Rural South African Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jina, R., Jewkes, R., Hoffman, S., Dunkle, K. L., Nduna, M., & Shai, N. J. (2012) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260511423247 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among young women and men in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Nduna, M., Jewkes, R. K., Dunkle, K., Shai, N., & Colman, I. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2012.731410 · Cited by 37
“The items were adapted for the study setting (Jewkes et al. 2010) (see Table 2).”
MethodSelf-citation
Are parenting practices associated with the same child outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries as in high-income countries? A review and synthesis
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Chen, S.-S., He, Y., Xie, G.-D., Chen, L.-R., Zhang, T., Yuan, M., Li, Y., Chang, J.-J., & Su, P. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106902 · Cited by 45
Increase in HIV incidence in women exposed to rape
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“Previous trauma was measured using a modified Life Events Checklist [21] and childhood trauma (before the age of 18 years) was measured using a modified version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form [22].”
MethodSelf-citation
Prevalence and correlates of common mental health problems and recent suicidal thoughts and behaviours among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya
Beksinska, A., Jama, Z., Kabuti, R., Kungu, M., Babu, H., Nyariki, E., Shah, P., Champions, M. F. S., Gwala, D., Oside, D., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03515-5 · Cited by 36
“Childhood experiences of violence have been shown to increase the risk of mental health problems [35] and the risk of re-victimisation and violence in adulthood [11, 36] in the general population.”
Background
The role of substance use coping in the relation between childhood sexual abuse and depression among methamphetamine users in South Africa.
Berg, M. K., Hobkirk, A. L., Joska, J. A., & Meade, C. S. (2016) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000207 · Cited by 36
“Several studies have also documented an association between CSA and substance use in South African populations (Jewkes et al., 2010; King et al., 2004; Meade et al., 2012).”
Background
A Psychosocial Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Among Female Children in South Africa
Mathews, S., Hendricks, N., & Abrahams, N. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1199078 · Cited by 37
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Ashaba, S., Cooper‐Vince, C. E., Maling, S., Satinsky, E. N., Baguma, C., Akena, D. H., Nansera, D., Bajunirwe, F., & Tsai, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100094 · Cited by 37
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“At the couple level, intimate partner violence (IPV), marital conflict, poor communication, and poor co-parenting are all associated with men’s alcohol use as shown across both high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs (Jewkes et al. 2010; Garcia-Moreno & Watts, 2011; Miller et al. 2014).”
Background
Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infections in Africa: A Systematic Review
Rajagopal, S., Magaret, A., Mugo, N., & Wald, A. (2014) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofu043 · Cited by 33
“selected for a full text review [16–43].”
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Kobayashi, L. C., Farrell, M. T., Payne, C., Mall, S., Montana, L. S., Wagner, R. G., Kahn, K., Tollman, S. M., & Berkman, L. F. (2020) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000552 · Cited by 33
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Adeyemo, S., Adeosun, I. I., OGUN, O. C., Adewuya, A. O., David, A., Adegbohun, A. A., Adejumo, O., Ogunlowo, O., & Adeyemo, O. O. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-020-00337-3 · Cited by 30
“Similarly, Physical and emotional abuse were significantly associated with suicidality just as it was reported in previous studies [32, 41].”
BackgroundResult
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“Childhood experience of violence and trauma—including multiple ACEs [21]—has been shown to increase the risk of harmful alcohol and other drug use [54] and the risk of revictimisation and violence in adulthood [55] among women in the general population.”
Background
Young Adult Retrospective Reports of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Prevalence of Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Abuse in Italy
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Self-citation
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Gambling Disorder and Childhood Trauma: A Complex Association
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Adolescents living with HIV in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia: Their reproductive health needs and experiences
McCarraher, D. R., Packer, C. A., Mercer, S., Dennis, A. C., Banda, H., Nyambe, N., Stalter, R. M., Mwansa, J. K., Katayamoyo, P., & Denison, J. A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197853 · Cited by 26
Associations Between Lifetime Traumatic Experiences and HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Living in Informal Settlements in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and Structural Equation Model
Gibbs, A., Hatcher, A. M., Jewkes, R. K., Sikweyiya, Y. M., Washington, L., Dunkle, K., Magni, S., Peacock, D., Khumalo, M., & Christofides, N. J. (2019) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002010 · Cited by 26
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The Interplay between Child Maltreatment and Stressful Life Events during Adulthood and Cardiovascular Problems—A Representative Study
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Mental Health of Children Living in Foster Families in Rural Rwanda: The Role of HIV and the Family Environment
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Preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) in ethnic minority communities: A literature review and suggestions for practice in Australia
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Authors: Jewkes, R. K., Dunkle, K., Nduna, M., Jama, P. N., & Puren, A.
Affiliations: South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
Emory University (US)
University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
National Institute for Communicable Diseases (ZA)
Corresponding author: Jewkes, Rachel K.
ORCID: Jewkes, Rachel K.
Dunkle, Kristin
Nduna, Mzikazi
Puren, Adrian
Venue: Child Abuse & Neglect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-11
Volume: 34
Issue: 11
Pages: 833-841
ISSN: 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.05.002
PMC: PMC2981623
OpenAlex: W2004998274
Cited by: 269
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 10.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 64882-01, MH 64882‐04S1A1, R01MH064882)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Keywords: childhood adversity, depression, substance abuse, HIV incidence, rural youth, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, corporal punishment, sexual abuse, suicidality, alcohol abuse, drug use, gender differences, South Africa, behavioral interventions, HIV prevention, mental health promotion, violence against children
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Herpes Genitalis, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rural Population, South Africa, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Cluster Analysis, Sex Distribution, Herpesvirus 2, Human, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural South African youth

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