The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autophagy, Immunity, and Microbial Adaptations
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy adjusts cellular biomass and function in response to diverse stimuli, including infection. Autophagy plays specific roles in shaping immune system development, fueling host innate and adaptive immune responses, and directly controlling intracellular microbes as a cell-autonomous innate defense. As an evolutionary counterpoint, intracellular pathogens have evolved to block autophagic microbicidal defense and subvert host autophagic responses for their survival or growth. The ability of eukaryotic pathogens to deploy their own autophagic machinery may also contribute to microbial pathogenesis. Thus, a complex interplay between autophagy and microbial adaptations against autophagy governs the net outcome of host-microbe encounters.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Mitochondrial Autophagy Is an HIF-1-dependent Adaptive Metabolic Response to Hypoxia
Zhang, H., Bosch-Marce, M., Shimoda, L. A., Tan, Y. S., Baek, J. H., Wesley, J. B., Gonzalez, F. J., & Semenza, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800102200 · Cited by 1,601
RetractedGenome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018 · Cited by 7,069
Self-citationAutophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06639 · Cited by 6,452
Self-citationPankiv, S., Clausen, T. H., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Bruun, J.-A., Outzen, H., Øvervatn, A., Bjørkøy, G., & Johansen, T. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m702824200 · Cited by 4,578 · cited 1×
“…LC3-II becomes an autophagosomal structural protein that executes other functions by interacting with the WXXL motif in the adaptor molecules p62 (Pankiv et al., 2007) and NBR1 (Kirkin et al., 2009), which capture cytoplasmic cargo earmarked for autophagic degradation, such as protein aggregates…”
BackgroundGutierrez, M. G., Master, S. S., Singh, S. B., Taylor, G. A., Colombo, M. I., & Deretic, V. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.038 · Cited by 2,252
Self-citationInterferon-inducible antiviral effectors
Sadler, A. J., & Williams, B. R. G. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2314 · Cited by 2,160
Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4
Scherz‐Shouval, R., Shvets, E., Fass, E., Shorer, H., Gil, L., & Elazar, Z. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601623 · Cited by 2,101 · cited 4×
“Autophagy can also be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Scherz-Shouval et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNutrient-dependent mTORC1 Association with the ULK1–Atg13–FIP200 Complex Required for Autophagy
Hosokawa, N., Hara, T., Kaizuka, T., Kishi, C., Takamura, A., Miura, Y., Iemura, S.-I., Natsume, T., Takehana, K., Yamada, N., et al. (2009) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1248 · Cited by 2,076
A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells
Cadwell, K., Liu, J. Y., Brown, S. L., Miyoshi, H., Loh, J., Lennerz, J. K., Kishi, C., Kc, W., Carrero, J. A., Hunt, S., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07416 · Cited by 1,542
Cited by
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).
Klionsky, D. J., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M. J., Abeliovich, H., Acevedo Arozena, A., Adachi, H., Adams, C. M., Adams, P. D., Adeli, K., et al. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356 · Cited by 5,894
Self-citationSchroder, K., & Tschopp, J. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040 · Cited by 5,475
Methods in Mammalian Autophagy Research
Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., & Levine, B. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028 · Cited by 4,497
Self-citationAutophagy in immunity and inflammation
Levine, B., Mizushima, N., & Virgin, H. W. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09782 · Cited by 3,289
Self-citationThe Role of Atg Proteins in Autophagosome Formation
Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (2011) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005 · Cited by 2,978
Metadata
- Authors
- Deretic, V., & Levine, B.
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 527-549
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021532580
- Cited by
- 865
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 51.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autophagy, Immunity, and Microbial Adaptations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.016
- The paper
- Deretic, V., & Levine, B. (2009). Autophagy, Immunity, and Microbial Adaptations. Cell Host & Microbe. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.016
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.