Cited by 2,160interferon and immune responsesImmune Response and InflammationVirology and Viral Diseases

Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors

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Sadler, Anthony J., Williams, Bryan R. G.·2008·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

Since the discovery of interferons (IFNs), considerable progress has been made in describing the nature of the cytokines themselves, the signalling components that direct the cell response and their antiviral activities. Gene targeting studies have distinguished four main effector pathways of the IFN-mediated antiviral response: the Mx GTPase pathway, the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-synthetase-directed ribonuclease L pathway, the protein kinase R pathway and the ISG15 ubiquitin-like pathway. As discussed in this Review, these effector pathways individually block viral transcription, degrade viral RNA, inhibit translation and modify protein function to control all steps of viral replication. Ongoing research continues to expose additional activities for these effector proteins and has revealed unanticipated functions of the antiviral response.

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  • The consensus IFN-γ signature included JAK-STAT pathway genes such as STAT1 and IRF1 and antiviral response genes such as MX1, OAS3, ISG20, and RSAD2.

    “This consensus signature includes activation of genes in the JAK-STAT pathway, including STAT1 and IRF1 (ref.38), and in the IFN-mediated antiviral response, including MX1, OAS3, ISG20 and RSAD2 (refs.39–41).”
  • Anti-viral host defence mechanisms induced by mRNA immune recognition increase enzymatic activities that destroy mRNA and inhibit its further cellular translation.

    “Moreover, anti-viral host defence mechanisms are induced by the mRNA immune recognition increasing enzymatic activities that destroy mRNA and inhibit its further cellular translation (see section 2.2) [45].”

    From Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development (2019) · cites this paper as [45]

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Authors
Sadler, A. J., & Williams, B. R. G.
Affiliations
Monash University (AU)
Corresponding author
Williams, Bryan R. G.
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2008-07
Volume
8
Issue
7
Pages
559-568
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2031913105
Cited by
2,160
References
142
Citations by year
2026: 68 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 140 · 2016: 151 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 140 · 2013: 148 · 2012: 121
FWCI
8.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (CA 062220)
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (436814)
  • National Cancer Institute (P01CA062220)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI034039)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
Keywords
type I interferon, ISG15, Mx protein, ribonuclease L, PKR, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, interferon signaling, viral RNA degradation, viral transcription, ubiquitination, viral replication control
MeSH terms
Animals, Endoribonucleases, Humans, Interferons, Ubiquitins, Virus Diseases, Virus Replication, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Receptors, Interferon, GTP-Binding Proteins, eIF-2 Kinase

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